Experiments

Question 1

advantages of lab experiments

Answer 1

you can control what you are measuring
easy to replicate

Question 2

disadvantages of lab experiments

Answer 2

low ecological validity

Question 3

advantages of field experiments

Answer 3

ecologically valid
replicates what you do everyday

Question 4

disadvantages of field experiments

Answer 4

more difficult to control
extraneous variables

Question 5

advantages of quasi experiments

Answer 5

can study variables which are impossible to replicate

Question 6

disadvantages of quasi experiments

Answer 6

can’t control it
difficult to replicate

Question 7

repeated measure design

Answer 7

this involves using the same people in each condition

Question 8

independant measure design

Answer 8

this involves using different people in each condition

Question 9

matched participants design

Answer 9

This involves using different people in each condition but attempt is made to make the participants as similar as possible on certain characteristics (I need that may influence the findings) this is done by testing the individuals on key characteristics pairing them based on similar scores and then placing one member of each pair and each group.

Question 10

advantages of repeated measure design

Answer 10

participants won’t have different characteristics

Question 11

disadvantage of repeated measure design

Answer 11

order effects- experiments results may be influenced by the repetition
higher chance of demand characteristics

Question 12

advantages of independent measure design

Answer 12

no order effects
less chance of demand characteristics

Question 13

disadvantages of independent measure design

Answer 13

participants will have different characteristics, backgrounds, strengths/weaknesses

Question 14

advantages of matched participants design

Answer 14

less participant variables
less demand characteristics
no order effects

Question 15

disadvantages of matched participant design

Answer 15

time consuming
lots of effort to match people

Question 16

participant variables

Answer 16

age, intelligence, motivation, skill, experience, gender

Question 17

situational variables

Answer 17

order effects- if doing the same activity twice, participants may be better the second time because of practise or worse because of boredom

environmental factors- such as time of day, temperature and noise

demand characteristics- these are cues in an experiment that communicate to participants what is expected of them and which may unconsciously affect the behaviour of participants

Question 18

alternative hypothesis

Answer 18

this predicts how one variable (the IV) is likely to effect another variable (the DV)
an alternative hypothesis predicts that the IV will effect the DV

Question 19

null hypothesis

Answer 19

this predicts that the IV will not have an effect on the DV. the null hypothesis predicts that any difference seen will be due to chance factors rather than the independent variable
It predicts that there will be no effect

Question 20

Two tailed

Answer 20

this predicts that the IV will have significant effect on the DV (ie there will be a significant difference in the results from the different conditions of the experiment) but it does not protect the direction this affect all going with our two tailed cat we cannot predict which direction he will go in.

Question 21

one tailed

Answer 21

This predicts not only that but IV will have a significant effect on the DV but also that direction this effect will go in (e.g. the condition of the experiment in which more of something will be seen) without one told Carr we can put it the direction he will go in.

Question 22

operationalise

Answer 22

Refers to the process of making variables physically measurable or testable.

Question 23

target population

Answer 23

the group of people the researcher is interested in studying

Question 24

sampling methods

Answer 24

the different ways in which researchers can obtain a sample of people from within the target population to take part in their study

Question 25

sample

Answer 25

the actual group of participants used in the research

Question 26

self selecting

Answer 26

recruting people who volunteer to participate in the study

Question 27

opportunity sampling

Answer 27

researcger selecting anyone who is available and willing to take part in the study

Question 28

random sampling

Answer 28

participants randomly selected by researchers- each person is equally likely to be chosen

Question 29

snowball

Answer 29

participantsare asked to help recruit othr participants eg asking your friends