Explain 2 Consequences Of …

Question 1

Fort Laramie treaty

Answer 1

White settlement on Great Plains. migrants allowed to travel safely across plains - undermines permanent Indian frontier . Between 1840-60 mor then 250000 travellers followed the Oregon trail

Defined boundaries between Indian tubes of northern Great Plains. First step to reservations restricted plains Indians to area of land meaning nomadic lifestyle was limited and conflicted traditional way of life

Question 2

American civil war

Answer 2

Homestead act, promoting settlement of west . Allows to pass any act no longer controlled by south

Change in cattle industry. Meant high demand for beef which was supplied by the Texas longhorn herd

Question 3

Homestead act

Answer 3

Thousand of families / small farmers
Not just the rich
Paying tax boosted the US economy

Encourages permanent settlement
Anyone over 21 could file for the virtually free land

Question 4

Winter of 1868-87

Answer 4

Pushed change for smalle scale ranching - changing cowboys lifestyle - herd sizes reduced and land fenced off

Low temp and thick snow killed thousands. Cattle companies out of business.
‘ great die up’ ‘ 25% of north front range didn’t make it through

Question 5

Gold prospecting for P.I s

Answer 5

Prospectors from all over the world came. Brought diseases- P.I didn’t have the immunity - killed them

Influx of miners killed the buffalo for meat or sport / took up space or drove them away . Effected the nomadic lifestyle

Question 6

Pacific railroad act 1862

Answer 6

Encouraged further white settlement west
Promoted development of towns, sale of land

Pos effect on economy and trade between east and west
Connected the two

Question 7

Introduction of barbed wire

Answer 7

Protected crops, fenced off so animals / cattle couldn’t reach
Meant more crops available growing
Joseph glidden 1873- best design. That year sold 32 miles of wire

Plains fenced off changed cattle my lifestyle and native Americans way of life
Enclosed by ‘ the devils rope ‘ led to tension from native Americans and eventually the fence cutting wars

Question 8

Red clouds war 1866-68

Answer 8

Second fort Laramie treaty 1868 - Gob couldn’t defeat without death of hundred of men - need to persuade to let prospectors through

Us army closed forts alone Bozeman trial. Prospectors didn’t travel though Sioux hunting grounds

Question 9

Dawes act 1887 for way of life on Plains Indians

Answer 9

Irreversible loss of land to white settlers. Result of part of the act allowing land not reserved Fo Plains Indians to be sold to non Indians.

Destruction of plains Indians traditional way of life. Given land impossible to farm on - lost huge amounts - greater reliance of Us gov for food and living

Question 10

Completion of first transcontinental railroad 1869

Answer 10

P.Is forced to move away from railroad even though it was their territory. Workers killed for buffalo learn. Track disrupted their hunting. P.Is attacked workers - conflict with US army

Further settlement - cheap Alf easy travel - encouraged development of towns ( railroads made it less isolated )
By 1880 had settled 200 mill acres west

Question 11

Oregon trail in 1836

Answer 11

Mass migration - route west . Encouraged manifest destiny.
1869- 400000 had moved

Causes injury death - risks of disease, getting lost , animals. Weather
Leas to opening of railroads
Over 20000 died in the 3200 km trail

Question 12

Development of reaching on Plains 1866-67

Answer 12

Ecological - overgrazing of cattle led to damage
Grass grazed down by cattle so soil was exposed - vulnerable to soil erosion

Economic - cattle industry homes. Cowboys, ranchers became wealthy
Creating jobs and need demand to rise cattle prices

Question 13

Extermination of buffalo for P.Is

Answer 13

End of nomadic lifestyle - forced PIs to farm or starve
1890 a less than 1000 buffalo

Increased dependence on the US gov for food / needs
Easier for Gob to confine to small reservations

Question 14

American victory in mexican-American war

Answer 14

USA gains large territories in west Texas / Mexico
Vast wealth
Received over 500000 miles

American Indian land now in the middle of USA instead of fortnite diving PIs west and white Americans east
Manifest destiny

Question 15

Discovery of gold in California 1848

Answer 15

Perfect advertisement increases population
News spread rapidly greatest ‘ pull’ west
15000 to 300000 in 7 years

Money form helped to pu for transcontinental railroad in 1869
Needed workers, jobs increased money

Question 16

Discovery of gold in Colorado 1859

Answer 16

Tensión, fear of Indians, prospectors demanded Gov do soemthung about it
Trespassing on Indian land
1861 Treaty of Fort Wise.
Conflict plains Indians and settlers ( US)
Sand creek massacre

Thousands of prospectors
Disrupted PIs way of life miners killd scared of buffalo forced PIs to leave if believed gold was on the land

Question 17

Ending of civil war for 1865 settlement of the west

Answer 17

Could pass any acts wanted
Homestead act 1862 . Settled the west with farms - worked by ordinary men women

Pacific railroad act 1862 - encouraged settlement - connected east and west . Cheaper and easier. Towns grew rapidly . Made homestead easier / less isolated

Question 18

Fort Laramie treaty 1868

Answer 18

Closure of Bozeman trail, no more trespassers, peace

Great Sioux reservation including black hills . Guaranteed . Set asid Edit exclusive use of Sioux tribe

Question 19

Sand creek massacre

Answer 19

1865 Gov admitted was wrong . Cheyenne and Apraphora moved to large reservations promised generous payments to survivors

Us army raided camp, over 120 dead and scalped used as trophies

Question 20

Discovery of Folsom Rocky Mountains around Virginia city in 1862

Answer 20

Breach of fort Laramie treaty 1851
Prospectors crossed Sioux land
Raids/attacks from Aioix warriors

Migration along Bozeman trial , thinning hunting grounds

Question 21

Discovery in 1871 in eastern tannery of process to make high quality leather from buffalo hide

Answer 21

Whites rushed to kill buffalo for easy profit . Railroads meant easy to transport

Extermination led to massive impact. Buffalo = main resource
Distorted lives , had to look For new resources / food

Question 22

End of open range

Answer 22

Smaller ranches with fences off barbed wire
Easier to keep an eye on reduced supply of cattle meant beef price rose aguan

Change to cowboys lifestyle, unemployed leas demand for them