Extra dural haematoma Flashcards
What is EDH
Trauma to the temple causing bleeding into the extradural space due to a middle meningeal rupture
Which vessel ruptures to cause EDH
Middle meningeal artery
What is the lucid interval for EDH
Initial drowsiness
Recovery
Rapid deterioration
What is the most common cause of EDH
Major trauma to the head (lateral pterygoid bone)
-Males and young people
Why is EDH not common in children and elderly
Children - skull plasticity
Elderly - Dura is tight to the skull
What is the main presentations of EDH
Head trauma -Temporal injury causing Drowsiness Lucid interval Lost consciousness Headache Coning Decreased GCS (Glasgow-coma scale)
If a patient has irregular breathing during EDH, What can be indicated
There is coning as there is raised ICP causing brainstem compression
What is the Glasgow-Coma scale
Normal = 15
Moderate injury = 9
Severe = <9
What does the Glowgow Coma scale check
Eye opening
Verbal response
motor response
What are the late signs of EDH
Bradycardia
Hypertension
What investigations would you do for EDH
NCCT -Lemon shape -Unilateral -Midline shift Skull X-RAY -Check for trauma
How would you manage a patient with EDH
Stabilise with IV Fluid Urgent Craniectomy IV Mannitol (Decrease ICP) Airway care -Intubation -Ventilation
What are the clinical signs of raised ICP
Cushing’s Triad
Papilloedema
Trauma to what bone increases the chance of EDH
Lateral pterygoid bone
Where does the blood from the middle meningeal artery drain into after rupture
Dural venous sinus on top of dura mater
