Extraction and uses of metals Flashcards
What are ores
Useful metals are often chemically combined with other substances forming ores
What are the methods of extracting metals
They have to be extracted from their ores through processes such as electrolysis, using a blast furnace or by reacting with more reactive material
What unreactive metals are found native
gold and silver
How to remove metals from oxides?
remove the oxygen reducing it to doo tis you have to add electrons to the positive ions
What is the criteria for extracting metals
How a metal is extracted depends on its position in the reactivity series.
What is the reactivity series
Pottasium
Sodium
Lithium
Magnesium
Allumium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold
What is the blast furnace method
For a metal below carbon in the reactivity series cheapest method of reducing the ore is heating it with carbon. For example Iron(III) oxide can be extracted when heating it with carbon since carbon is higher in the reactivity series it will take the oxygen away from the iron oxidising itself Fe2O3 is reduced to Fe and C is oxidised to CO carbon is the reducing agent reaction carried out in a blast furnace
What is the other method of extraction
More reactive elements cant be reduced by carbon as it is more reactive cant take away the spectator ion away. These elements are extracted by electrolysis of the molten chlorine or molten oxide large amounts of energy required and is very expensive
What is an alloy
An alloy is a mixture of a metal with other metals or carbon for example brass is a mixture of copper and zinc and steel is an alloy of iron with carbon. They are harder than individual pure metals from which they are made because they have different sized atoms which breaks up with regular lattice arrangement and makes it very difficult for the layers of ions to slide over each other
What uses does steel have
Bodies of cars and knifes
