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PCM II COPY > Eye Exam > Flashcards

Eye Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What hx do you get from someone with eye complaints?

A
  • glasses/contacts
  • eye infections
  • recent travel/activities
  • current eye issues
  • pregnant?
  • age
  • injuries/trauma
  • surgery
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2
Q

When they say muscle pain, why might you think of eye problems?

A

Autoimmune

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3
Q

What disease can be involved in eye problems? medications?

A 
 Glaucoma
 Diabetes Mellitus
 Thyroid disease
 ASCD
 Collagen Vascular Disease
 HIV
 Inflammatory bowel disease
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4
Q

What external parts should you note upon inspection?

A
  • eyebrows
  • periorbital area
    • swollen eyes: allergies renal probs, trauma…
    • allergic shiners (seasonal allergies)
      • xanthomas (check cholesterol levels)
      • exophthalmos
      • dacrocystitis
      • rash (to hairline - herpes zoster; pustules (acne))
  • eyelids/lashes
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5
Q

What is good to note about the lids inverting or everting?

A
  • increases their risk of infection

- refer to eye doctor

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6
Q

What is a hordeolum? chalazion?

A
  1. blocked meibomian gland (inner margin), or tear eyelash follicle or tear gland
    - tender/painful
    - along the lash line
  2. blocked meibomian gland
    - non tender/non painful unless infected
    - in the lid
    - can lead to vision problems
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7
Q

What is blepharitis?

A
  • inflammation of eyelid that affects eyelashes or tear production
  • common in older population
  • can lose eyelashes if not treated
  • baby shampoo 3-4x to treat
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8
Q

What is unique about the lacrimal apparatus?

A

Autoimmune diseases can affect it

look at punctae when examining

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9
Q

What should the conjunctiva look like?

A

clear

  • Erythema (subjunctive hemorrhage)
  • Purulence (pink eye, conjunctivitis)
  • Pterygium (triangle shaped things in the eye from sun exposure)
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10
Q

How do we test for corneal abrasions?

A
  • fluorescein stain and a blue light to visualize
  • typically they heal fast
  • important to check for foreign bodies
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11
Q

What is arcus senilis?

A
  • whitish linear lipid deposition encircling the colored iris
  • common over 60
  • if under 40, check cholesterol
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12
Q

What is important to check with the red reflex?

A
  • they should be equal
  • yellow or gray: could be a cataract or normal in people with increased melanin
  • brown speckles: cataract
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13
Q

What does brown/gray spots in the sclera mean? blue? yellow?

A
    • can be birthmarks
      - can be associated with increased risk for glaucoma (rarely melanoma)
  2. inherited, seen frequently with brittle bone disease
  3. “icterus”, causes neonatal, liver disease, pancreatic cancer, GB disease
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14
Q

What is nevus Ota?

A

a birthmark of blue deposition around eyelid/sclera

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15
Q

How do you document eye muscles?

A

EOMI (extra ocular muscles intact)

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16
Q

Vertical nystagmus is always…

A

bad

*horizotnal can be seen at extremities

17
Q

When do you do the cover/uncover test?

A
  • imbalance of corneal light reflex
  • esotropia: eye turn in
  • exotropia: eye turn out
18
Q

What happens if strabismus is not treated?

A
  • you lose vision in that eye

- -> lazy eye (amblyopia)

19
Q

What should you do to check the iris/pupil?

A

darken the room

*documented PERRLA

20
Q

What should you do before dilating the eyes?

A
  • check for a shallow chamber

* a shallow anterior chamber may represent acute angle glaucoma (can lead to an ocular emergency)

21
Q

What does disc cupping indicate? differences in disc color?

A
  1. glaucoma

2. can be normal as it varies with ethnicity

22
Q

What is smaller: arterioles or venules?

A

arterioles

*but arterioles are brighter due to oxygenated blood

23
Q

What do cotton wool spots indicate? retinal proliferation

A
  • vascular disease from HTN or DM

- HTN or DM

24
Q

What is a precursor to macular degeneration?

A
  • drusen bodies

look like white/yellow spots on retina near macula

25
Q

What meds can cause eye problems?

A 
 Steroids
 Plaquenil
 Antihistamines 
 Antidepressants 
 Antipsychotics  
 Antiarrhythmics 
 Beta Blockers
26
Q

When would you consider inversion of the upper eyelid?

A

if concern for foreign body

don’t do this on routine exam

27
Q

What is icterus?

A

yellow sclera

28
Q

What is esotropia?

Exotropia?

A 
eso = eye turned in
exo = eye turned out
29
Q

What type of light do you use on your ophthalmoscope?

A

large round white beam

30
Q

Where is the optic disc?
arterioles?
macula?

A

disc: nasal and inferior
arterioles: 2 laterally, 2 nasally
macula: temporal (dark

PCM II COPY (14 decks)

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