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Chemistry > F4 DEFINITIONS > Flashcards

F4 DEFINITIONS Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

something that has mass and occupies space

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2
Q

Atom

A

the smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction

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3
Q

Proton number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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4
Q

Nucleon number

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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5
Q

Isotope

A

atoms of the same element with the same proton number but different number of neutrons

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6
Q

Natural abundance

A

the percentage of isotopes present in a natural sample of element

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7
Q

Valence electrons

A

electrons in the outermost shell of an atom

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8
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

the average mass of an atom of the element compared to 1/12 of the mass of one carbon-12 atom

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9
Q

Relative molecular mass

A

the average mass of the molecule compared to 1/12 of the mass of one carbon-12 atom

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10
Q

Relative formula mass

A

relative mass of an ionic substance

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11
Q

Molar mass

A

the mass of one molecule of a substance

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12
Q

Molar volume

A

the volume occupied by 1 mole of a gas which is 24 dm^3 at room conditions and 22.4 dm^3 at standard temperature and pressure

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13
Q

Chemical formula

A

representation of a chemical substance using alphabets to represent the atoms and subscript numbers to show the number of each type of atom found in the elementary entities of the substance

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14
Q

Empirical formula

A

chemical formula that shows the simplest ratio of the number of atoms of each element in a compound

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15
Q

Molecular formula

A

chemical formula that shows the actual number of the atoms of each element found in a molecule of a compound

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16
Q

Group

A

vertical column in the periodic table of elements

17
Q

Period

A

horizontal row in the periodic table of elements

18
Q

Chemical bond

A

formed when electron transfer or electron sharing takes place

19
Q

Ionic bond

A

transfer of electrons between a metal atom and a non-metal atom

20
Q

Covalent bond

A

non-metal share their electrons to achieve stable duplet or octet electron arrangement

21
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

attraction forces between hydrogen atom, H that has bonded with an atom of high electronegativity, such as N, O or F in another molecule

22
Q

Dative bond (coordinate bond)

A

type of covalent bond where the electron pair that is shared comes from one atom only

23
Q

Delocalised electron

A

Electrons that move freely and is not owned by any atom nor ion

24
Q

Metallic bonding

A

electrostatic attraction force between sea of electron & positively-charged metal ions

25
Q

Acid

A

chemical substance that ionises in water to produce hydrogen ions

26
Q

Alkali

A

chemical substance that ionises in water to produce hydroxide ions (base that is soluble in water)

27
Q

Base

A

chemical substance that reacts with acid to produce salt and water only

28
Q

Base consists of what type of metal

A

metal oxide and metal hydroxide

29
Q

pH

A

logarithmic measure of concentration of hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution

30
Q

strong/weak acid/alkali

A

acid/alkali that ionises completely/partially in water to produce hydrogen/hydroxide ions

31
Q

concentration

A

mass of solute dissolved in 1 dm^3 solution

32
Q

molarity

A

number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 dm^3 solution

33
Q

standard solution

A

solution with known concentration

34
Q

neutralisation

A

reaction between acid and alkali to produce salt and water only

35
Q

end point

A

point in titration at which the acid-base indicator changes colour

36
Q

salt

A

ionic compound formed when the hydrogen ions from acid is replaced when the metal ion on ammonium ion

37
Q

rate of reaction

A

changes in quantity of reactant or product per unit time

38
Q

alloy

A

mixture of two or more elements where the main element is a metal

39
Q

composite material

A

solid material made from combining two or more non-homogenous substances, that is a matrix substance and a strengthening substance

Chemistry (2 decks)

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