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Breeding > Factors Affecting Reproductive Performance (Estrus Detection) > Flashcards

Factors Affecting Reproductive Performance (Estrus Detection) Flashcards

1
Q

SR

A

Heat expression by cows, and its detection by herd persons → Improving SR is the most important

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2
Q

The Primary “Sure” sign in Estrus Detection is …

A

the Standing behavior

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3
Q

Standing behavior occurs …. times during the estrus period

A

20 to 55

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4
Q

Each mount in Standing behavior lasts for ..

A

5 sec

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5
Q

Standing behavior should be seen

A

Twice in 30 min Or, Once + secondary signs

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6
Q

Secondary esrtous Signs

A
  1. SAG (sexually active group)
  2. Ruffled tailhead + rear of the animal may be soiled with mud
  3. Vocalization(bawling)
  4. Smelling and& licking the perineum of other cows
  5. Clear mucus discharge coming from vulva
  6. Moistness ad redness of vulva
  7. Frequent urination
  8. Mounting other cows
  9. Restlessness and increased activity (2-3 times more active)
  10. Spending less time resting an & ruminating
  11. Reduced milk yield and appetite
  12. When she has access to the bull, the two animals lick each other, and the cow often mounts the bull before she stands to be mounted-by him
  13. Bloody mucus (metestrus bleeding)
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7
Q

Why Secondary Signs are not surable?

A

It can appears in proestrus, estrus, metestrus

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8
Q

Bloody mucus (metestrus bleeding)

A

It’s not a sign of heat it indicates that the cow was in heat and doesn’t mean that she failed to conceive

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9
Q

Estrus Detection Aids

A

Any aid must be regarded as no more than a supplement

No Substitute for Visual Observation

  1. Mount detectors
  2. Activity monitors
  3. Progesterone assay (Milk progesterone test)
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10
Q

Mount detectors

A

Tailhead Painting

Mechanical Patches

Electronic mount detectors (telemetric system)

Detector animals

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11
Q

Tailhead Painting

A

A strip of calk or paint is applied in the midline over the sacrum and base tail, It’s inexpensive and large group of cow can be marked in short time

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12
Q

Mechanical Patches

A

Capsules : Kamar patch - Bulling Beacon

Self-adhesive patch, Estrotect and Estrus Alert

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13
Q

Electronic mount detectors (telemetric system)

A

Heat Watch system

External or implantable pressure sensors provide continuous information on mounting activity

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14
Q

Detector animals

A
  • Teaser animals are those showing interest in an estrous cow
  • Effective way
  • More effective with a marking device or used with tailhead marking
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15
Q

Teaser animals can be

A

Modified bulls (vasectomized or penis deflected), or cows or steers treated with testosterone

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16
Q

Activity monitors

A
  • Cows are more active during estrus
  • They are attached to one hind leg (for walking activity), or neck collar (for head and neck movement)
  • Mostly telemetric system
17
Q

Mostly telemetric system

A

Activity monitors

18
Q

….. is a good indicator by Milk progesterone test of coming estrus

A

Low blood & milkP4 at the end of the luteal phase

19
Q

Automated system … measures progesterone concentration at every milking is available

A

(Herd Navigator TM)

20
Q

Milk progesterone will be high in ….

A

diestrus

21
Q

Milk progesterone test

A
  • Low blood & milkP4 at the end of the luteal phase is a good indicator of coming estrus
  • Automated system (Herd Navigator TM) measures progesterone concentration at every milking is available
  • Milk progesterone will be high in diestrus

Other uses
1. pregnancy diagnosis
2. detecting embryo losses
3. ovarian cysts

22
Q

Heat Detection Errors

A
  1. 10—15% of cows presented for AI are not in heat (Luteal phase)
  2. 15% Of cows presented for AI at times not optimal for conception
  3. The cow is in estrus but not detected
23
Q

The main reasons for Heat Detection Errors are

A
  1. Incorrect identification of animals that are in estrus (clear ID)
  2. Failure to appreciate the true signs of estrus (assigning trained persons)
24
Q

Cows will not exhibit many signs of estrus in some situations

A
  1. Crowded situation
  2. During feeding
  3. Milking
  4. Extreme weather
  5. Being tied
  6. Kept on slippery or muddy floors
25
Q

…. allow cows to interact

A

Loose housing systems and pasture

26
Q

To feel safe when mount or being mounted

A

Good footing surface

27
Q

…. is better than concrete floor (more slippery)

A

A dirt floor

28
Q

Time and Frequency of Observation

A

More signs of estrus occur during night (This explains why visual heat detector efficiency usually low)

Watch cows at least 3 times a day, 30 minutes each (8.00 am, 2.00 and 9.00 pm)

29
Q

More signs of estrus occur during …

A

night

30
Q

How Lameness predisposes cows to anestrus

A
  1. Lame cows → low Fl → weight loss → NEB esp. during early lactation

2.Pain

31
Q

Feet and leg problems should be minimized by …

A

trimming hoofs periodically and treating infected feet

32
Q

The duration and intensity of estrus increase as the ..

A

number of animals in the sexually active group (SAG) increases

33
Q

…. will concentrate staff effort of estrus detection

A

Grouping cows according to calving dates

34
Q

How Can I increase the size of SAG?

A

By grouping cows according to calving dates

Breeding (15 decks)

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