factors that affect choice of method Flashcards
1
Theoretical issues are a major influence over choice of method. Interpretivist, social action theorists, such as interactionists, see reality as socially constructed by individuals. They prefer qualitative methods, since they see these as giving a valid account of behaviour.
Positivist, structural theories such as functionalism and Marxism, see the wider social structure shaping individuals’ behaviour. They often prefer large-scale quantitative methods, since they see these as giving a picture of the social structure as a whole. Positivists believe it is important for a researcher to produce data that can be tested by another and this will affect choice of method.
11
A reliable method is one that, when repeated by another, gives the same or similar results. This is more likely with a structured, standardised method such as questionnaires.
However, if a interpretivist researcher wishes to fully understand the meanings people give to their behaviour, then it is more likely for
qualitative methods to be chosen. A valid method is one that produces a true picture of what something is really like. Qualitative methods, such as unstructured interviews, allow respondents the freedom to fully express their thoughts and feelings.
2
A sociologist must also consider ethical issues when deciding on which method to use. Research participants should be offered the right to refuse to participate. The research must be explained clearly so that participants can make informed decisions to give consent.
If this is not done, the participants are said to be deceived which raises a moral dilemma for the researcher. Researchers should also keep secret the identity of participants, respect their privacy and keep personal information confidential.
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Researchers need to be aware of any possible harmful effects of their work on those they study and special care should be taken where research participants are particularly vulnerable because of age, physical or mental health. Covert research may involve deceiving people and makes it impossible to gain informed consent. However, some sociologists argue that covert methods may be justified in order to gain access to secretive, deviant or powerful groups.
