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Linguistics > Fall 2023 Final Assignment > Flashcards

Fall 2023 Final Assignment Flashcards

Create flash cards to study for interpreter cert testing

1
Q

Explain arbitrary symbol form.

A

The form of the symbol does not reflect the form of what it symbolizes.

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2
Q

Explain iconic symbol form.

A

The form of the symbol does reflect the form of what it symbolizes.

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3
Q

What is anthropological linguistics?
(Subfield of Linguistics)

A

The study of the relationship between language and culture.

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4
Q

What is applied linguistics?
(Subfield of Linguistics)

A

The application of the methods and results of linguistic in such areas as language teaching, nation language policies, lexicography, translation, and language in: politics, advertising, classrooms, courts etc.

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5
Q

What is historical linguistics?
(Subfield of Linguistics)

A

The study of how language evolves over time and the relationship of languages to each other.

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6
Q

What is morphology? (Subfield of Linguistics)

A

The study of the way in which words are constructed out of smaller meaningful units; word formation

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7
Q

What is neurolinguistics?
(Subfield of Linguistics)

A

The study of the brain and how it functions in production, perception, and acquisition of language.

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8
Q

What is phonetics?
(Subfield of Linguistics)

A

The study of speech sounds, how they are articulated, physical properties, and how they are perceived; sound production

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9
Q

What is phonology?
(Subfield of Linguistics)

A

The study of the sound system of language; sound patterns

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10
Q

What is pragmatics?
(Subfield of Linguistics)

A

Context affects the overall meaning of the message.

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11
Q

What are examples of pragmatics?
(Subfield of Linguistics)

A

Time, place, relationships between participants, and assumptions.

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12
Q

What is psycholinguistics?
(Subfield of Linguistics)

A

The study of the connection between language and cognitive structures; the acquisition of language.

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13
Q

What is semantics?
(Subfield of Linguistics)

A

The study of meaning of language.

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14
Q

What is sociolinguistics?
(Subfield of Linguistics)

A

The study of the relationship between language and social structure.

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15
Q

What is syntax?
(Subfield of Linguistics)

A

The study of how sentences are constructed and how the related to each other.

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16
Q

What are the 5 parameters of sign language?

A

Handshape
Movement
Location
Orientation
Nonmanual markers

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17
Q

How many tenents are in the RID code of professional conduct?

A

7

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18
Q

What is consecutive interpretation?

A

The process of interpreting the message after the speaker/signer has completed one or more ideas in the sources language and pauses while the interpreter expresses the message in the target language.

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19
Q

What is simultaneous interpretation?

A

The process of interpreting the message into the target language at the same time the sources language is being delivered.

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20
Q

Explain individualistic culture

A

“What’s best for me” culture. Often don’t ask for help, move away from family, encouraged to be independent and self reliant. Makes up about 30% of cultures worldwide.

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21
Q

Collectivist

A

Group identity. Help each other survive share duties/responsibilities. Decisions are made based on what’s best for the group. 70% of cultures worldwide.

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22
Q

Interpretation

A

The process or activity involved in transferring a message from one language to another in real time, usually spoken/signed and not written.

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23
Q

Translation

A

Changing a message from the frozen form of one language into frozen form of another language.

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24
Q

Transliteration

A

Changing the source language into the target language while maintaining the source’s languages word order/grammar

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25
Q

Interpreter Models

A

Helper, machine/conduit, communicator facilitator, bicultural mediator ally

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26
Q

Helper Model

A

The earliest model of interpreting before interpreting was a profession. Family members and friends often served as interpreters. They were deeply involved in the interpreting process, editing the message in a way they felt was best for the Deaf individual. This model perpetuated the belief that Deaf people are incapable and dependent on hearing people.

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27
Q

Machine/Conduit Model

A

The interpreter role was defined as narrow and rigid. Their only role was to transmit information unobtrusively. There was an expectation that Deaf people must learn to function as hearing people and be held to the same standards. Interpreters would sign in such a way that followed English word order and meaning. This was believed to be the only way Deaf people could learn English.

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28
Q

Communicator Facilitator

A
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29
Q

Bicultural Mediator Ally

A

Bi-Bi model. The interpreter is a mediator of language and culture with an ethical responsibility to convey messages in a way that retains the original intent of the speaker.

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30
Q

Explain high context culture

A

Societies or groups that have close connections over time. Cultural aspects are already known amongst the collective - shared knowledge, common experiences, goals, beliefs.

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31
Q

Explain low context culture

A

Societies where people tend to have many connections but exist for shorter periods or for specific reasons. Different backgrounds, socioeconomic class, education, and religion are examples of divisions within a low context culture.

32
Q

Explain the difference between Deaf and deaf

A

Deaf is used to describe people who identify as culturally Deaf and are a part of the Deaf community. The capital D indicates a cultural identity. A lowercase d describes the physical condition of hearing loss.

33
Q

Linguistic Registers

A

Frozen, formal, consultative, casual, intimate

34
Q

Frozen Register

A

Used in instances where the words/script never changes and cannot be altered. Examples include Pledge of Allegiance, Miranda Rights, religious ceremonies

35
Q

Formal Register

A

One way communication intended to spread information without conversation. Often used in positions of power or importance. Sermons, graduation, news reporting, speeches…

36
Q

Consultative Register

A

Formal form of communication, professional or technical. Used in meetings, appointments, educational settings.

37
Q

Casual Register

A

Informal language used by peers, friends, and family. Everyday conversation used in social or casual settings.

38
Q

Intimate Register

A

Language used by close family members or friends who have shared history/experiences. Typically spouses, partners, sibling, parents, children. Private conversations

39
Q

When was the American Disabilities Act (ADA) signed into law.

A

July 26, 1990

40
Q

CEU

A
41
Q

What year did American School for the Deaf open

A

1817

42
Q

RSI

A

Repetitive Stress Injury (RSI) during their careers, and if ignored, RSI can develop into a permanent disability.

43
Q

What is linguistics?

A

The study of a language system.

44
Q

What is paralinguistics?

A

The study of the ways something is said - intonation, speech rate, silence

45
Q

What are the 5 major aspects of ethics?

A

Trust, Discreet, Accuracy, Proficiency, Impartial

46
Q

What is A-Language, also referred to as L-1?

A

First language - usually the language used by parents/siblings while growing up; also known as mother tongue or native language.

47
Q

What is B-Language, also referred to as L-2?

A

An individual’s second language acquired by living in a country where that language is spoken, interacting frequently with people who use the language, or studying it formally.

48
Q

According to the NAD-RID Code of Professional Conduct, what is Tenet 1?

A

Interpreters adhere to standards of confidential communication.

49
Q

According to the NAD-RID Code of Professional Conduct, what is Tenet 2?

A

Interpreters possess the professional skills and knowledge required for the specific interpreting situation.

50
Q

According to the NAD-RID Code of Professional Conduct, what is Tenet 3?

A

Interpreters conduct themselves in a manner appropriate to the specific interpreting situation.

51
Q

According to the NAD-RID Code of Professional Conduct, what is Tenet 4?

A

Interpreters demonstrate respect for consumers.

52
Q

According to the NAD-RID Code of Professional Conduct, what is Tenet 5?

A

Interpreters demonstrate respect for colleagues, interns, and students of the profession.

53
Q

According to the NAD-RID Code of Professional Conduct, what is Tenet 6?

A

Interpreters maintain ethical business practices.

54
Q

According to the NAD-RID Code of Professional Conduct, what is Tenet 7?

A

Interpreters engage in professional development.

55
Q

Examples of ways interpreters can increase their knowledge and strength their skills. (NAD-RID Code of Professional Conduct)

A

Pursue Higher Education
Attend workshops and conferences
Seek mentoring and supervision opportunities
Participate in community events
Engaging in independent studies

56
Q

Metathesis

A

Changing the location of the sign

57
Q

Assimilation

A

A segment takes on characteristics of a different segment

58
Q

Non-manual signs/Non-manual markers

A

Grammatical and semantic features other than hands used to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They also convey grammatical information such as topicalization, sentence types (wh-question, rh-question, yes/no question, etc.)

59
Q

What non-manual markers are used when asking a yes/no question?

A

Eyebrows raises, head tilted forward slightly

60
Q

What non-manual markers are used when asking a “WH” question?

A

Furrowed brow

61
Q

Mouth Morpheme “CHA”

A

Gigantic, very big, very large, very tall

62
Q

Mouth Morpheme “OO”

A

Small, tiny, lightly, slowly

63
Q

Mouth morpheme “MM”

A

moderately, normally, average, medium, with ease

64
Q

Mouth morpheme “puckered lips”

A

Leisurely, deliberately

65
Q

Mouth morpheme “PAH”

A

Finally, Big success

66
Q

Types of non-manual makers

A

mouth morphemes, eye gazes, facial expressions, body shifting, head tilting

67
Q

Back channeling

A

Signs or movements that indicate engagement and understanding (or lack there of).

68
Q

What is Deaf plus?

A

A person who is deaf and also has another disability such as blindness or autism.

69
Q

Equivocal Lanugage

A

Deliberate use of words, signs or phrases that can be interpreted in more than one way.

70
Q

Euphemistic Language

A

The use of socially acceptable terms or phrases rather than direct or blunt term or phrases.

71
Q

Audism

A

Feeling of superiority of a hearing person over someone who is deaf or HOH.

72
Q

How does the ADA define a “qualified interpreter?”

A

A “qualified” interpreter means someone who is able to interpret effectively, accurately, and impartially, both receptively (i.e., understanding what the person with the disability is saying) and expressively (i.e., having the skill needed to convey information back to that person) using any necessary specialized vocabulary.

73
Q

Classifiers are used to represent…

A

Movement, Position, Shape

74
Q

What are the four major lexical categories?

A

Nouns, Predicates, Adjectives, Adverbs

75
Q

Plain verbs

A

Produced in a static location that cannot be altered without changing the meaning of the sign.

76
Q

Indicating verbs

A

Move toward specific people, objects, or spatial locations incorporating additional information about the subject and object in the sentence.

77
Q

Locative verbs

A

Type of indicating verb where the direction or location of the sign contains specific meaning

Linguistics (1 decks)

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