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sociology > Families and households > Flashcards

Families and households Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition for a nuclear family today

A

Group of people tied by relations of blood, marriage, civil partnership or adoption

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2
Q

Why is marriage decreasing

A

Secularism, socially accepted, change in position for women, divorce rate is high

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3
Q

Why is remarriage increasing

A

Socially accepted , high divorce rate , secularism , less stigma

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4
Q

Why are people marrying later

A

Change in position of women , (marriage no longer an aspiration) , cohabitation , women more dependent w careers

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5
Q

Why have civil ceremonies increased

A

Secularisation , plethora of venues , cheaper , socially accepted , gay community

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6
Q

What was the definition of a nuclear family in the past

A

Two generations Living together with biologically repeated children, headed by a heterosexual couple

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7
Q

who saw cohabitation as a permanent alternative to marriage and why

A

Chandler - increase in children born outside of marriage

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8
Q

who saw cohabitation as a prelude to marriage and why

A

Coast- 75% couples expect to marry each other is cohabitation is succesful

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9
Q

why is cohabitation increasing

A

cheaper alternative to marriage , prelude to marriage , socially accepted, secularisation , change is position of women. high divorce rate

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10
Q

which year witnessed the highest increase in divorce and why

A

1960’s-1980’s due to the divorce reform act

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11
Q

why was divorce increasing

A 
secularisation
 socially accepted, 
women no longer marry for \$\$$ no need to stay in bad relationship, 
legal changes , 
rising expaectations
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12
Q

why is divorce no longer increasing

A

less people marrying –> cohabit, or stay single

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13
Q

why is an increase in divorce not indicative of an increase of marital breakdowns

A

empty shell marriages - avoid social stigma, finance, children

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14
Q

what are 3 trends associated with divorce

A
  • year of marriage - today more divorce
  • age of marriage - later
  • whether married before - more divorce in couples who have not been married before (70%)
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15
Q

define patriarchal / matriarchal

A

p - male dominant

m - female dominant

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16
Q

what did Beck and Giddens argue about divorce (1992)

A
  • traditional norm no longer apply e.g monogamy
    -individuals persue what makes them happy
    -dont stay for duty, children
    -if it doest satisfy their needs its over
    MARRIAGE EXISTS FOR PERSONAL FULFILMENT
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17
Q

what is the main law that affected divorce

A

DIVORCE REFORM ACT

  • marriage failed = divorce
  • 2 years seperation before hand
  • 5 years if one spouse didn’t want it
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18
Q

what is the new rights opinion on a high divorce rate

A

:( - see a nuclear family as vital

  • creates welfare dependant female SPF
  • deprives males of male role model
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19
Q

what are the feminist opinion on a high divorce rate

A

:) - women break free from the patriarchal oppression int the nuclear family

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20
Q

what are the postmodernists opinion in a high divorce rate

A

:) - freedom

-greater diversity

21
Q

what are the functionalists opinion on a high divorce rate

A

:/ - not necessarily bad -> higher expectations

-high rate of remarriage = ppl commit to marriage

22
Q

what are the interactionists opinion on a high divorce rate

A

:/ - good or bad
-down to the individual
depends on : children and if both parties want it

23
Q

4 key trends to childbearing

A
  • more children born outside of marriage
  • women having children later
  • women having fewer children
  • more women remaining childless
24
Q

what is a shot gun wedding

A

when a couple get pregnant and they feel the need to get married quickly to legitimise a pregnancy

25
Q

why are many women childless

A
  • reliable contraception
  • no stigma
  • its a choice not that they cant have children
26
Q

define blended family

A

when two couples join together bringing with them children from previous relationships

27
Q

what is Allan and Crow’s opinion on reconstituted familes?

A

-face problems like contact with the resident parent

28
Q

who said what reconstituted families are at greater risk of poverty and why

A

ferri and smith (1998)

  • more children to support
  • stepfathers have children from a prev relationship to support
29
Q

what is childrearing

A

how children are brought up

30
Q

what is a bi-nuclear family

A

two seperate post break up households

31
Q

what is co-parenting

A

when the child spends some days of the week with the mother and stepfather and the ret of the week with the biological parent

32
Q

3 trends -> increase in SPH

A
  • ageing population
  • LATS
  • Increase in divorce
33
Q

uk legal laws for gays

A
  • adoption for same sex couples - 2005
  • civil partnership act - 2004
  • right to marry - 2014
34
Q

what did EINASDOTTIR say about the gays

A

fear it will limit flexibility and may enforce heterosexual norms on gay and lesbian relationships

35
Q

why are 92% lone parents headed by women

A
  • women by nature have a nurturing role and instinctive care for their children
  • courts give them to mothers usually
  • men less likely to give up worl
36
Q

are SPF a permanent stage?

A

no , Duncan and rogers (1990) found that less than 1/3 of children in a SPF stayed in one throughout their childhood

37
Q

what were the 3 things right wind commentators thought about SPH

A

-expensive - dependant on benefits
-lacking moral responsibility
A: live off the state
B: breakdown of trad nuclear fam
-Dysfunctional -lads need male role model

38
Q

new right approach to SPF

A

MURRAY (1984) -> lot of SPF cause over-generous welfare state
-child support agency (1993) absent parents paid financial support to their children

39
Q

SPF - what did the right and left think

A

right - crime, delinquency, underachievement

left -

40
Q

Morgan 1994 on SPF

A

dangerous to make assumptions of the effects on SPF but does recognise that they do less well

41
Q

CASHMORE 1985 on SPF

A

questions that children are worse off in SPF-

children prefer to live w one parent in stable house than 2 experiencing conflict

42
Q

define the classic extended family

A

three generations all living under one roof

43
Q

define a dispersed extended family and who argued about it

A

WILLMOTT (1998) -

where relatives are geographically seperated but maintain contact

44
Q

what factors didn’t stop communication between extended kin

A
  • individual ,social and geographical mobility.

- dispersal

45
Q

what did CHAMBERLAIN (1999) find out about extended families

A

even being geographically dispersed they provide support

  • emotional
  • financial
46
Q

what is a ‘multiple nuclear family’

A

geographically dispersed extended kin that still provide support

47
Q

What did FINCH (1989) argue

A

fam relationships are determined by gender, ethnicity, generation and religion.

48
Q

who described it and what is the Beanpole family

A

BRANNEN (2003) ‘long and thin’
the result of
-increased life expectancy
-fewer siblings

sociology (4 decks)

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