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Sociology > Family Demography > Flashcards

Family Demography Flashcards

1
Q

Demography definition

A

Study of populations their characteristics and how they change

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2
Q

Divorce rate

A

Number of 1000 married people per year

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3
Q

Divorce statistics

A

Expected 42% marriages end in divorce and half of them will occur in first 10 years of marriage.

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4
Q

Reasons for increase in divorce

A

Change in law
Changing attitude
rising expectations
Rise Of feminism

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5
Q

Changes in law

A

19th century women had to prove adultery or husbands cruelty.
1923 grounds for divorce equalised
1969 divorce reform act- breakdown of marriage soles ground for divorce, 2 years separation of both consent, 5 if one doesn’t.
1984- need to be married a year before petition for divorce

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6
Q

Changing attitudes

A

YOUGOV2013- 2/3 people thought no long sigma to get divorced

Gibson- weakened degree to which religion can bind a couple together

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7
Q

Rising expectations

A

Functionalist fletcher- people still value marriage so they have high expectations and no tolerance
Giddens- ‘pure relationship’ if needs aren’t met free to leave

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8
Q

Rise of feminism

A

2/3 all divorces by women

Thomas and collard- women expect more from relationships

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9
Q

Validity

A

Quality of accuracy and truthfulness

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10
Q

Reliability

A

Ability to repeat something with same results

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11
Q

Functionalist view on high divorce rate

A

Leaving a bad marriage for a better one

Re marrying shows how much people value marriage to get it perfect

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12
Q

New right view on high divorce rate

A

Best family has married hetrosexual couple so dissaprove of divorce.
Increase line parents so increase in benefits. Want laws making it harder to divorce

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13
Q

Feminist view on high divorce rate

A 
See men as enemy.
Women takers of shiy.
2/3 divorce by women 
Radical feminist- break from oppression 
Liberal feminist- recognise law change
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14
Q

Postmodernist view on high divorce rate

A

Stay in one relationship until it doesn’t meet individual needs and isn’t equal then they leave and find new one

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15
Q

Marriage rate

A

Number of men or women marrying per 1000 unmarried women or women aged 16 or over each year

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16
Q

Marriage statistics

A

2015- 1/3 marriages were re marriage

2015- 239,020 heterosexual marriages in England and Wales

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17
Q

Reasons for decrease in marriage

A 
Cost £30,000 
Sharpe- priority shift
Fletcher- wait for idea marriage 
Secularisation 
High expectations
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18
Q

Cohabitation

A

Living with a partner without being married

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19
Q

Cohabitation statistics

A

101,000 Sam sex cohabiting families uk 2017.

17% all families

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20
Q

Reasons for cohabitation

A 
Don’t work so can’t afford it.
Divorced so no significance 
Ageing population 
Priority shift 
Fear of marriage 
Marriage expensive
21
Q

forced Singlehood

A

Single due to circumstance

22
Q

Elective singlehood

A

Chosen to live alone

23
Q

Reasons for singlehood

A

Secularisation
Giddens, fletcher high expectation of relationship
Ageing population- 40% all single person households over 65
More financially dependent

24
Q

Living apart together

A

In a Relationship but live in different houses

25
Q

Advantages of living single person household

A 
More focus on career 
No tension 
Privacy 
Jamison- freedom of solo living in twenties 
Fewer restricted opportunities 
Increased geographical mobility
26
Q

Disadvantages of single person household

A

Expensive
No emotional support
Macvarish- women 35-50 felt some pain about living alone

27
Q

Single household statistics

A

2015 1 in 4 young adults lived with their parents and this was a 25% increase since 1996.

28
Q

Boomerang generation

A

Young adults who leave family home but then return e.g financial, break ups

29
Q

Clipped wing generation

A

Young adults who want to move out but can’t afford it

30
Q

Kippers

A

Kids in parents pockets eroding retirement savings e.g. no rush to move out

31
Q

Birth rate

A

Number of live births per thousand of the population per year

32
Q

Total fertility rate

A

Average number of children women will have during their fertile years

33
Q

Birth rate statistics

A

1900 28.7

2017 11.6

34
Q

Total fertility rate

A

1900- 6

2017- 1.76

35
Q

Each baby boom

A

1921
1946
1964

36
Q

Reasons for decline in birth rate

A

Changes in position and priorities of women.
Decline in infant mortality rate.
Cost of children

37
Q

Changes in position and priorities of women

A

Increase gender equality
Ability to control reproduction, more to life than domestic chores.
Sharpe 1994 and Wilkinson 1994
Harper education of women is most important

38
Q

Decline in infant mortality rate

A

Better health care
Parents would ahve babies to replace ones they’ve lost
Better safety
Secularisation

39
Q

Cost of children

A

Intro if child labour laws + compulsory schooling and centred society raising child to 21 cost £230,000

40
Q

Dependency ratio

A

Relationship between size of working population and non working part of population

41
Q

Lone patent family statistics

A

22% families with children in 2017
% lone parent families tripled since 1971
Over 90% headed by mothers

42
Q

Reasons for increase in lone parents

A 
Increase birthing techinokogy 
Postmodernist leave if needs aren’t met 
Domestic abuse awareness
Decrease in marriage 
Secularisation- sex before marriage
43
Q

New right view on lone parent families

A

Damaging and non useful to bring up a child
Need role model of each gender
murray- bad for economy as more likely to reply on benefits
Dennis and erdos- disadvantaged if no father

44
Q

Death rate

A

Number of deaths by thousand of the population

45
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Number of deaths of bailies in first year of life per thousand live birthday per year

46
Q

What happened between 1900 and 2017 to death rate

A

Decreased

47
Q

What happened between 1900 and 2017 to infant mortality rate

A

Decreased

48
Q

Life expectancy

A

How long on average a person born in a given year can expect to live

49
Q

Natural change

A

Difference between number of births and number of deaths

Sociology (12 decks)

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