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5.kurul > farmakoloji > Flashcards

farmakoloji Flashcards

1
Q

growth hormone -Gh (somatotropin) mediated by …..

A

JAK/STAT cytokine receptor

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2
Q

recombinant form of GH

A

somatotropin

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3
Q

recombinant IGF-1 analogs

A

mecasermin

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4
Q

most important adverse effect of mecasermin

A

hypoglycemia

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5
Q

GH antagonist

A
  1. somatostatin
  2. dopamine receptor agonists
  3. pegvisomant
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6
Q

somatostatin analogs

A

ocreotide
lanreotide

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7
Q

pegvisomant

A

GH receptor antagonist

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8
Q

gonadotropins used in ….

A

infertility

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9
Q

in vitro fertilization (IVF) te kullanılan

A

gonadotropins (FSH, LH, HCG)

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10
Q

urofollitropin

A

FSH

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11
Q

lutropin alfa

A

LH

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12
Q

choriogonadotropin

A

hCG

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13
Q

menotropins

A

hMG

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14
Q

follitropin alfa
follitropin beta

A

rFSH

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15
Q

….. is an acetate salt of synthetic human GnRH

A

gonadorelin

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16
Q

GnRH analogs

A

gonadorelin
goserelin, buserelin, histrelin, leuprolide, nafarelin, triptorelin

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17
Q

suppression of gonadotropin production

A
  • controlled ovarian stimulation
  • endometriozis
  • uterine leiomyomata
  • prostate cancer
  • central precocious puberty
  • management of advanced breast and ovarian cancer
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18
Q

continuous treatment of women with GnRH analog (leuprolide, nafarelin, goserelin) causes

A

typical symptoms of menopause; hot flushes, sweats, headaches

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19
Q

GnRH receptor antagonists

A

ganirelix, cetrorelix, abarelix, degarelix
(inhibit the secretion of FSH and LH)

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20
Q

degarelix, abarelix

A

approved for men with advanced prostate cancer

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21
Q

….. suppress prolactin secretion

A

dopamine agonists

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22
Q

dopamin agonists (suppress prolactin secretion)

A

bromocriptine
cabergoline

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23
Q

………. is an antagonist of the oxytocin receptor

A

atosiban

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24
Q

antidiuretic hormone

A

vasopressin
desmopressin

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25
Q

vasopressin antagonists

A
  • conivaptan
  • tolvaptan
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26
Q
A
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27
Q

Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase activity

A

Statins

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28
Q

Statinlerden prodrug olan
Ve en çok ilaç etkileşimi olan

A

Simvastatin
Lovastatin

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29
Q

Most potent statins

A

Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin

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30
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Statin adverse effect

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31
Q

The most effective agent for increasing HDL-C

A

Nicotinic acid (niacin)

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32
Q

Niacin adverse effects

A

Flushing
Hyperuricemia
Worsens diabetes

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33
Q

Increase lipoprotein lipase activity, which increases clearance of VLDL& chylomicrons in the plasma
Decrease triglyceride levels

A

Fibrates

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34
Q

…….. increase GLP-1; DM treatment

A

Colesevelam

35
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Cholesterol absorption inhibitor

36
Q

….. suppresses microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP)

A

Lomitapide

37
Q

It inhibits Apo B-100

A

Mipomersen

38
Q

Drugs used for hyperthyroidism
(Antithyroids)

A
  1. Thioamides
  2. Iodides
  3. Radioactive iodine
39
Q

Metformin

A

Biguanides
No hypoglysemia
Lactic acidosis

40
Q

First generation of sulfonylureas

A

Tolbutamide
Chlorpropamide
Tolazamide
Acetohexamide

41
Q

Second generation of sulfonylureas

A

Glyburide
Glipizide
Glimepiride
Gliclazide

42
Q

Sulfonylurea adverse effect

A

Hipoglycemia

43
Q

Glinides

A

Repaglinide
Nateglinide

44
Q

Repaglinide
Nateglinide

A

Rapid onset
Short duration of action

45
Q

Adverse effect of glinides

A

Hypoglycemia
Weight gain

46
Q

Thiazolidinediones

A

Rosiglitazone/ pioglitazone
İnsulin sensitizer

47
Q

Adverse effects of thiazolidinediones

A

Weight gain
Increase the reabsorption of water through the kidney
Fluid retention

48
Q

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor

A

Acarbose
Miglitol

49
Q

GLP-1

A

İnsulin stimulatory effect
Delays gastric emptying
Inhibit glucagon secretion
Produce a feeling of satiety

50
Q

GLP-1 agonists

A

Albiglutide
Dulaglutide
Exanatide
Liraglutide
Lixinatide
Semaglutide

51
Q

GLP-1 agonists adverse effects

A

Pancreatitis
Thyroid cancer/ multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)

52
Q

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors

A

Alogliptin
Linagliptin
Sitagliptin
Saxagliptin
Vildagliptin

53
Q

DPP-4 inhibitors contraendicated in

A

Heart failure

54
Q

SGLT-2 inhibitors

A

Canagliflozin, dapagluflozin, empagliglozin,sotagliflozin

55
Q

Pramlintide

A

Amylin analog
Reduces glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, reduce appetite

56
Q

Rapid acting insulin

A

İnsulin lipro
İnsulin aspart
İnsulin glulisine
(Rapid onset)

57
Q

Short acting insulin

A

Regular insulin
İnjected 30-45 min before a meal

58
Q

Intermediate acting insulin

A

Neutral protamine hagedorn insulin (NPH insulin)

59
Q

Teplizumab

A

Type1 diabetes

60
Q

Statins

A

Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase activity

61
Q

Prodrug statin

A

Simvastatin
Lovastatin

62
Q

Fluvastatin

A

Leastpotent

63
Q

Atorvasatin
Rosuvastatin

A

Most potent

64
Q

… is the most effective agent for increasing HDL-C

A

Nicotinic acid (Niacin)

65
Q

Nicotinic acid (niacin) adverse effect

A
  • flushing
  • hyperuricemia
    -worsens diabet
66
Q

Fibrates (fibric acid derivatives)

A

Decrease triglyceride levels

67
Q

Etezimibe

A

Cholesterol absorption inhibitor

68
Q

Protein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 inhibitors

A

Alirocumab
Evolocumab
Bococizumab

69
Q

…. binds instantly to and suppresses microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP)

A

Lomitapide

70
Q

Adverse effect of lomitapide

A

Hepatic accumulation of triglycerides

71
Q

…. inhibits Apo B-100

A

Mipomersen

72
Q

Mecasermin

A

Recombinant IGF- 1 analog
Adverse effect: hypoglycemia

73
Q

Pegvisomant

A

GH receptor antagonist

74
Q

Hyperthyroism treatment

A

Thioamides
Iodides
Radioactive iodine

75
Q

Liothyronine

A

More potent than levothyroxine

76
Q

Antithyroids

A

Thioamides
Iodides
Radioactive iodine

77
Q

Mostcommon adverse effect of thioamides

A

Maculopapular pruritic rash

78
Q

…… are common reason for stopping thioamides

A

Arthralgias

79
Q

The most dangerous complication of thioamides

A

Agranulocytosis

80
Q

……. interferes with corticosteroid synthesis by blocking the final step (11-hydroxilation) in glucocorticoid synthesis, leading to an increase in 11-deoxycortisol as well as adrenal androgens and the potent mineralocorticoid 11-deoxycorticostrone

A

Metyrapone

81
Q

Inhibitors of adrenocorticoid biosynthesis

A
  1. Metyrapone
  2. Aminoglutethimide
  3. Ketoconazole
  4. Triostane
  5. Mifepristone
  6. Abiraterona
82
Q

Mineralocorticoid antagonists

A
  1. Spironolactone
  2. Eplerenone
  3. Drospirenone
83
Q

….. reduces the incidence of breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

5.kurul (9 decks)

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