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National Five Geography > Farming > Flashcards

Farming Flashcards

1
Q

name the four types of farms

A

arable farms
livestock farms
mixed farms
market gardening

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2
Q

describe arable farming

A

land is used to grow crops

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3
Q

describe livestock farming

A

land is used for animals eg sheep and cattle

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4
Q

describe mixed farming

A

land is used for both crops and animals

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5
Q

describe market gardening

A

fresh f

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6
Q

describe an input

A

needed to produce outputs

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7
Q

state five inputs

A

seeds, fertiliser, machinery, sunshine and labour

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8
Q

describe a process

A

enables the farm to operate and produce outputs

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9
Q

state four processes

A

ploughing
harvesting
regarding
fertilisating

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10
Q

describe an output

A

products the farm has produced

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11
Q

state four outputs

A

wheat
barley
potatoes
sheep for wool and mutton

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12
Q

state five physical inputs

A

sunshine
rainfall
temp
soil
relief

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13
Q

state six human inputs

A

farm size
farm buildings
machinery
fertiliser
insecticides and pesticides
labour

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14
Q

state the definition of cash crops

A

grown by farmer to sell in order to make money

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15
Q

definition of fodder crops

A

grown to feed the animals in winter : hay and silage

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16
Q

what are beef cattle used for

A

used for beef

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17
Q

what are sheep’s used for

A

lamb, wool and mutton

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18
Q

what is hay and silage

A

dried grass
fermentares grass ( very sweet)

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19
Q

what does a dairy cow produce

A

milk

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20
Q

what is intensive farming

A

maximum yeild from a small amount of land
they use large inputs of money, machinery, technology, workers, fertiliser and pesticides

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21
Q

what is extensive farming

A

large amount of land but small inputs of money, machinery, technology or works
you will get a huge output jo matter how much you put into it

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22
Q

commercial farming

A

produces food for sale
this type of farming is practised in East Anglia

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23
Q

Substance farming

A

farmer only produces enough food for the farmer and their family which perhaps a little left over to sell
this type of game ong is practise in the Lower Ganges valley in NE India

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24
Q

How is best to lay out the farm

A

animals and crops needing more attention near the farmhouse
the animals and crops how need less attention further away from the farmhouse
the farmer would otherwise waste too much time travelling

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25
Q

what physical factors must a farmer consider when locating an arable farm

A

soil - fertile as crops need nutrients
temp - warm growing season
rainfall- some rain but not too much
sunshine- sunny to ripen crops
relief - flat land for machinery

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26
Q

what human factors must a farmer consider when locating an arable farm

A

the price of crops- farmers need to make a profit
access to market - demand for crops and good road networks so crops can arrive fresh

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27
Q

describe the conditions of the Fens in East Anglia

A

low laying area
fertile loam soil
warm climate
adequate rainfall
good drainage
sunshine
flat land

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28
Q

what is it called when crops are produced on a large scale for profit

A

Agribusiness

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29
Q

What do town like Spalding and King’s Lynn provide to The Fens

A

market towns providing farmers with the goods they need such as machinery, seeds and fertilisers
there are also service centres providing repairs to machinery and accountants

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30
Q

Before deciding to keep sheep what do the conditions have to be

A

temp- too cold or too short of a growing season
rainfall - too wet for crops
slope - too steep for machinery needed for an arable farm
soil soil too poor to grow crops

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31
Q

Why do sheep’s thrive in poor conditions

A

hardy agile animals and are sure footed on the rough terrain
they have woolen coats to keep them warm in the cold
thrive on rough grazing and poor quality grass
don’t require a lot of care and attention

32
Q

where are hill sheep farms mostly found

A

upland where the land is unsuitable for growing crops and keeping animals

33
Q

what is the most common tule of farming in the uk

A

Mixed farming

34
Q

why would someone practice mixed farming

A

some of the land may be good enough for crop growing but some is only suitable for livestock

35
Q

why is mixed farming the safest option for a farmer

A

many outputs which is safer bc of the price of crops are low he may still get high price for the animals

36
Q

before deciding to locate a dairy farm what must a farmer consider

A

temp - warm enough for lush grass to grow well so cows produce high quality milk
rainfall- sufficient rainfall for good grass
soil - the sook has to be quite fertile to produce good grass
slope - the land should be quite flat so that the dairy cows can graze
nearness to the market - delivered fresh
kept near a milking parlour to be milked twice a day
near towns - delivered fresh

37
Q

before doing market gardening what must a farmer consider

A

nearness to market
communications - road networks
slope
temp
rainfall
sunshine
soul

38
Q

how does a farmer decide what type of farming to practise

A

temp
rain
sun
soil
relief
altitude - cold upland
market
communications
government policy - grants

39
Q

describe upland conditions

A

cold and wet
soil are thin and infertile
land is steep and diff to use machinery
isolate and remote

40
Q

describe low land conditions

A

warm and dry
sunshine
soils and thick and fertile
land is flat
easily accessible

41
Q

name the modern factors affecting climate change

A

new technology
organic farming
diversification
GM crops
Government policy

42
Q

describe the term diversification

A

generating income through non farming activities

43
Q

describe new technology

A

use of new machinery
chemicals
irrigation

44
Q

Describe organic farming

A

growing crops without the use of chemicals

45
Q

Describe GM crops

A

scientifically altered seed and crops

46
Q

state advantages of new technology

A
  • less labour required - increase profit margin
  • artificial irrigation systems help to water crops and increase production
  • drones can survey crops and identify problems quickly
  • poly tunnels with environmental control systems can grow crops out of season
  • machines can harvest faster and more effectively allowing less work for the farmer
47
Q

disadvantages to new technology

A
  • increase in noise and air pollution
  • machines are expensive = debt
  • fertilisers and pesticides contaminate the food we eat
  • fertilisers seep into water affecting fish and causing algae blooms
48
Q

what are some forms of diversification

A
  • renting cottages as holiday homes
  • running bnb facilities
  • camp and caravan sites
  • petting farms
  • cafes selling local produce
49
Q

advantages of diversification

A
  • less dependant on producing food and farmers have an increased income and standard of living
  • increase in tourism allowing people to experience the rural landscape and outdoor activities
50
Q

disadvantages of tourism

A
  • eroding land, trampling crops, footpath erosion
  • parking cars in residents driveways
  • dogs cause sheep miscarriages increase vet bills and loss of profit
  • congestion from tourists delay farmers getting fresh produce to the market
51
Q

advantages of GM crops

A
  • produce higher yeild so higher income
  • resistant to desiease so a more reliable harvest
52
Q

disadvantages of GM crops

A
  • crops could contained by pollen being blown so cross fertiliser can occur and GM plants can spread out of control
  • negitive impact on people health
53
Q

adcvangagss of organic farming

A
  • healthy and not contaminated by chemicals
  • hugh in demand
  • sells at a higher price so larger income
54
Q

disadvantages of organic farming

A
  • labour is more intensive as it takes more effort and time to grow
  • productivity is lower as crops cannot be masses produces on a large scale as soil has not been improved by chemicals
55
Q

what are the reasons for growing rice in India

A
  • short growing season 100 days allowing 2 or 3 crops to be grown each year
  • temps over 20c and rainfall
56
Q

why can rice be grown in India

A

soils are fertile because rivers flood during the monsoon season and silt is deposited
- banks are built around the edge of flat padi feild to hold in water

57
Q

why are growing conditions ideal in India

A

soils are fertile as when rivers flood during monsoon season silt is deposited
impervious sun souls are required to retain water
banks are built around the edge of flat padi fields to hold in water
where there is line yes land terraces are cut into steep hood

58
Q

why is a large labour supply needed in India

A

machinery is expensive
fields are very small
slopes are terraced
large labour supple is available as the population ins dense
water buffalo are used to plough land and their manure fertilises the soil

59
Q

How do they produce food in India
eg Rice seeds, proteins and fruit

A

seeds are grown in nursery bed
transferred into flooded padi feilds
rice stubble is ploughed back into soil to add organic material

trees are planted to provide shade and to provide fruit

the foooded feilds are stocked with fish to provide protein for locals

60
Q

what are the modern farming practices in India

A

New technology
GM crops
Bio Fuels

61
Q

Impact of technology in India

A
  • right to own land encourages locals to improve soul without fear of rent increase
  • small farms joint to produce fewer but larger farms
    terraces built to limit soil erosion and increase land available to farm on
  • cooperatives formed - bulk buy produces cheaper and rent out machinery
    training schemes and higher negotiation power
62
Q

adavantages of machinery in India

A
  • less work and fewer workers to pay
  • crops are harvested quicker and sold fresh
  • trucks and trailers have replaced bullock carts to transport crops
63
Q

disadvantages of machinery

A

increase noise and air pollution
expensive cause farmer into debt
farmers without cannot compete with farmers with
don’t know how to repair them so having to get them serviced causes further debt

64
Q

advantages of irrigation systems in India

A
  • modern irradiation systems introduced to ensure a year round supply of water
  • solar energy is used to pump water from wells for irrigation
  • dans are built across rivers to collect extra water and new wells were sunk
65
Q

disadvantages of Irrigation systems in India

A
  • soil is exhausted as it is in constant use
  • over irragation leads to salivation of soil as well as leaching
66
Q

advantages of GM crops

A
  • bred to survive pests, disease weeds and frost so increases output
  • ## can be grown in marginal land increasing food yeild
67
Q

disadvantages of GM crops

A
  • doesn’t taste great and can have a negitive affect on people health
  • not enough research on it impact
  • too expensive for poor farmers
  • requires reliable source of water and irrigation increasing farmers cost
68
Q

what are bio fuels

A

fuel made from plants or waste

69
Q

what are advantages of bio fuels

A
  • employment of local people to grow and process plants
  • plants used to make biofuels are grown in marginal land so no farmland is lost
  • the oil is used after extraction bc it doesn’t need to be refined
70
Q

disadvantages of biofuels

A
  • industries reluctant to invest when fossil fuels are still available
  • energy used to grow and process crops can be environmentally damaging
    eg tractors release diesel
  • some biofuels can be too ersoive to be used j. boats and planes
71
Q

what are the positive impacts on people in India

A
  • farmer makes more profit with a higher yeild and their standard of living improves
  • food prices are lower so reduced risk of starvation
  • people are healithier so less money is spent in healthcare and more can be invested into the economy
  • food can be exported masking money
  • surplus cash can be used to inprove house, roads and water supply
72
Q

what are the negitive impacts of people in india

A
  • farmers are now in debt due to borrowed money for seeds machinery etc
  • use of pesticides and fertilisers can negitive jay impact people health
  • small farmers lost land and become unemployed and had to live in shanty towns to find employment
73
Q

what are the positive impacts on the environment in India

A
  • introduction to Gm crops give a more reliable harvest S seed can resist disease and give a higher yeild
  • crops can be grown on marginal land and in adverse conditions
    giving a more reliable harvest
74
Q

what are the negitive impacts on the environment in India

A
  • soil erosion has increase as there are fewer hedges
  • irragation has left some areas short of drinking water
    • creation of dams and wells ment some farmers lost land
  • removal of hedges has resulted in loss of habitat and food source for wildlife
  • Gm crops can have an adverse effect on people health
75
Q

What are the names of the two farming case study’s

A

The Fens in East Anglia
The Lower Ganges Valley in NE India

National Five Geography (6 decks)

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