Fat

Question 1

main classes of fat?

Answer 1

phosphalipid -soluble in fat and water
in cell membrance
triglycerides -largest
cholesterol-small%

Question 2

A long chain of fatty acids is more?

Answer 2

liquid and soluble

Question 3

one glycerol combined 3 fatty acids form what?

Answer 3

triglyceride

Question 4

where can find palm oil棕櫚油?

Answer 4

餅乾、巧克力、冰淇淋、泡麵
起酥油（shortening）、人造奶油（margarine）

Question 5

Canola oil芥花籽油

Answer 5

含豐富的奧米加3脂肪酸(omega-3 fatty acid)，有利心臟和血管的健康

Question 6

cell too fat relative with insulin?

Answer 6

lower insulin sensitive

Question 7

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat?
Which is good?why

Answer 7

saturated fat - solid in room Temp
unsaturated fat - liquid in room temp
Unsaturated fats can improve blood cholesterol levels: up HDL down LDL

Question 8

Triglycerides ( TG ) function ? x 4

Answer 8

1 energy storage
2 insolation日射量 and protect the skin layer
3 hormone synthesizes
4 absorption of fat and vitamin

Question 9

what is the difference between trans 反式 and cis 順式 fatty acids? are they unsaturated fat?
which is bad and why?

Answer 9

Both are unsaturated fat
trans fatty acids similar to the saturated fat straight
chemical structure of trans fats - straight sharp
chemical structure of cis fats - V sharp
trans fatty acid is difficult for the body to metabolize. Since they can increase LDL, this can lead to heart disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.

Question 10

what is EFA? Can the body synthesize?
which?

Answer 10

essential fatty acids
The body cannot synthesize and must take in diet
omega 6 = linoleic acid
omega 3 = alpha-linoleic acid (ALA)

Question 11

what is different between omega 3,6,9?
food sources?
RNI intake ratio?

Answer 11

essential fatty acids
The body cannot synthesize and must take in a diet
polyunsaturated fat
omega 6 = linoleic acid - plant oil,nuts
omega 3 = alpha-linoleic acid (ALA) / EPA / DHA
fish oil
monounsaturated fats are nonessential fats
omega 9 - plant oil and nuts
The body can produce
intake ratio: 1:1:3

Question 12

what is omega 3?
function? x 3
food sources?

Answer 12

essential fatty acids
The body cannot synthesize and must take in a diet
polyunsaturated fat
omega 3 = alpha-linoleic acid (ALA) / EPA lower cancer/ DHA good for brain
ALA can change to EPA and DHA
food: salmon/ chia seeds奇亞籽/ walnuts/ flaxseeds亚麻籽/mackerel鯖魚/ sardines沙丁魚
Function:
Help cardiovascular function
reducing inflammation
anticoagulation

Question 13

where is phospholipids synthesize?
combine with?
Function?
Where are phospholipids found in the body?
Food?

Answer 13

synthesize in liver
40%protein 50% fat combined
function:
emulsifier water and oil mixed
transport and soluble of lipid 有「人體清道夫」之稱 keep bile in liquid
to protect the cell against various environmental
where:
the major components of cell membranes.
Food:
egg yolks = lecithin 卵磷脂
liver/soybeans/peanuts

Question 14

EX: phospholipids functions? x 4

Answer 14

lipid transport
break fats for digestion
from bile
in blood coat the surface of lipoprotein that carry lipid

Question 15

Ex: cholesterol %from?
in diet is it = fat?
Function?x5
RNI?

Answer 15

30% from food 70% from liver and small intestine
It is not fat eg: liver is high cholesterol but low fat
RNI: 300 mg/day
Function:
1 synthesize Vit D by liver and small intestine
2 hormones product
3 components of the brain and nervous system
4 structural functions in cell membranes
precursor 前驅 molecule
5 parts of bile juice digest fat

Question 16

cholesterol LDL level not over? risk of heart disease?
blood test fasting? hours?

Answer 16

LDL over 130 mg/dL = 3.3
blood test fasting for 9-12 hrs

Question 17

what is cholesterol?
Cholesterol 3 types? roles?
which is good?

Answer 17

heads of the phospholipids
Is an ingredient of lipoproteins
complex of cholesterol + triglycerides + protein 球状微粒 form水溶性lipoproteins脂蛋白
1)Triglycerides
energy storage
insolation日射量 and protect the skin layer
hormone synthesizes
absorption of fat and vitamin
2)HDL - transport fat to liver matabolism is good cholezterol
3)LDL - transport fat to blood > hyperlipidemia

Question 18

lipoproteins脂蛋白?complex of?
4 types?
each function?
level can monitor what disease?

Answer 18

complex of cholesterol + triglycerides + protein 球状微粒 form水溶性lipoproteins脂蛋白
Function:
1) chylomicrons乳糜粒
Transporting lipids through the small intestine to the bloodstream.
2) VLDL very low-density lipoproteins
來自肝臟將肝中的三酸甘油脂運出 →避免造成脂肪肝
3)HDL - transport fat to liver matabolism
4)LDL - transport fat to blood > hyperlipidemia
lipoprotein levels monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors

Question 19

what is bile ingredient? x5
function? x3

Answer 19

bile salt/ cholesterol/Phospholipid/膽色素Bilirubin/protein
1)metabolism and digest fat
2) absorb Vit A,E,D,K
3) soluble of cholesterol

Question 20

1g fat product ? kcal

Answer 20

9

Question 21

中鏈脂肪酸?

Answer 21

中鏈脂肪酸的特點是它們在消化和吸收方面具有獨特的能力。由於碳鏈較短，MCT可以更快地被消化和吸收，並且可以直接進入肝臟進行代謝，而不需要依賴脂肪酸運輸蛋白。
由於其易於消化和代謝的特性，MCT通常被認為是一種快速且可用的能源來源。它們可以迅速轉化為能量或產生酮體（ketones），並被身體各個細胞利用作為能量供應。