Fat Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

fat soluble vitamin characteristics

Answer 1

• dissolve in lipid
• require bile for absorption
• stored in tissues
• may be toxic in excess
• periodic doses needed (correct foods)

Question 2

vitamin A characteristics

Answer 2

• versatile
• vision
• bone and body growth
• reproduction
• healthy body linings and skin

Question 3

vitamin A forms

Answer 3

• retinol: transport and storage
• retinal: vision
• retinoic acid: growth and gene regulation

Question 4

vitamin A sources

Answer 4

• preformed active A: liver, vitamin A enriched milk
• beta-carotene (precursor): bright orange fruits and veggies, dark green veggies
• DRI based on retinol activity equivalents (RAE)

Question 5

vitamin A deficiency

Answer 5

• early symptom: night blindness
• severe deficiency: total blindness
• dry, cracked skin
• eroded body linings
• decreased immune function

Question 6

vitamin A toxicity

Answer 6

• danger if vitamin A taken in supplements
• hair loss
• stunted growth
• liver failure
• weaker bones
• too much beta-carotene causes yellowing of skin

Question 7

vitamin D function

Answer 7

• promotes bone mineralization
• makes calcium and phosphorus available to blood that bathes bones
• assists in immune function

Question 8

vitamin D non-food sources

Answer 8

• skin can make vitamin D precursor when stimulated by sunlight (UVB)
• certain geographical areas don’t get enough (sunscreen)

Question 9

vitamin D food sources

Answer 9

• salmon, mackerel, sardines, tuna
• fortified milk
• egg yolks

Question 10

vitamin D deficiency

Answer 10

• rickets in children (bowed legs)
• osteomalacia (soft/porous bones, fracture easily)

Question 11

vitamin D toxicity

Answer 11

• most potentially toxic (can occur at 5x RDA)
• toxicity not possible with sun exposure
• can be deadly

Question 12

vitamin E function

Answer 12

• protects cell membranes in body tissues and blood
• participates in immune system
• fat-soluble antioxidant

Question 13

vitamin E food sources

Answer 13

• widespread in foods
• 20% comes from vegetable oils
• 20% comes from fruits and veggies
• easily lost in frying
• smokers may have higher needs

Question 14

vitamin E deficiency

Answer 14

• rare because vitamin E is so widespread
• can occur if fat malabsorption is present

Question 15

vitamin E toxicity

Answer 15

• rare
• large doses may interfere with anticoagulant medications

Question 16

vitamin K function

Answer 16

• blood clotting
• bone formation

Question 17

vitamin K sources

Answer 17

• made by intestinal bacteria
• dark green, leafy veggies
• cabbage

Question 18

vitamin K deficiency

Answer 18

• rarely seen
• infants given vitamin K injection because intestinal tract not yet full of bacteria

Question 19

vitamin K toxicity

Answer 19

not common from food sources