federalism

Question 1

exclusive powers

Answer 1

-powers that only apply to one level of government

Question 2

concurrent powers

Answer 2

-powers held by both levels of government
-mixture of expressed, implied, inherent, reserved powers

Question 3

enumerated powers

Answer 3

-expressed powers to congress
-specifically stated in constitution

Question 4

implied powers

Answer 4

-powers claimed by congress as necessary to fulfill expressed power
-necessary and proper clause

Question 5

reserved powers

Answer 5

-power states can exercise if not denied to them or delegated exclusively to federal government
-powers given by 10th amendment

Question 6

inherent powers

Answer 6

-implied presidential powers

Question 7

prohibited powers

Answer 7

-powers denied to national, state, or both governments
-eg. national government can’t exercise powers to interfere with the states abilities to perform responsibilities

Question 8

police powers

Answer 8

-state power
-can pass laws to protect the health and safety of residents

Question 9

commerce clause

Answer 9

-article 1, section 8
-gives federal government right to regulate interstate commerce
-can regulate activity affecting interstate commerce

Question 10

necessary and proper clause

Answer 10

-congress can pass any laws/acts believed necessary in order to perform their responsibilities
-stretches powers of congress more than what is explicitly stated in constitution
-implied powers
-article I

Question 11

supremacy clause

Answer 11

-constitution is supreme
-NOT CONGRESS or STATES
-article VI

Question 12

emoluments clause

Answer 12

-officials can’t accept gifts from other nations
-article II

Question 13

due process clause

Answer 13

-states can’t deprive a citizen of natural rights without due process
-rights only taken away through court applied law
-14th amendment

Question 14

equal protection clause

Answer 14

-14th amendment
-protects citizens from discrimination
-states can’t enact laws that discriminate in unreasonable manner

Question 15

10th amendment

Answer 15

-powers not granted to U.S. or prohibited by constitution are reserved to states/people

Question 16

14th amendment

Answer 16

-citizenship rights, equal protection, voting/representation, debt

Question 17

marbury v. madison

Answer 17

-established judicial review

Question 18

mcculloch v. maryland

Answer 18

-necessary & proper clause
-nothing in constitution restricts
-states taxing the federal branch would impede on constitutional law (supremacy clause) = can’t tax

Question 19

united states v. lopez

Answer 19

-congress didn’t have power to pass GFSZA
-constitution gives national government limited powers, claiming activity as commerce gives unlimited power
-law exceeded congress’s authority under commerce clause because carrying a gun isn’t economic activity

Question 20

grants

Answer 20

-money given to states/local governments
-doesn’t need to be repaid

Question 21

aid programs

Answer 21

-new deal: federal government helped states handle domestic problems
-grant-in-aid assisted states but still gave power over implementation

Question 22

categorical formula grants

Answer 22

-formula deter, depends on how much money is available
-based on number of people in need
-($ government is willing to pay) (# of people in need)
-strings attatched

Question 23

categorical project grants

Answer 23

-local governments compete by writing proposals detailing program funding
-strings attached, less money than formula grants

Question 24

block grants

Answer 24

money granted to states in braod policy areas, with not a lot of strings attatched

Question 25

federalism

Answer 25

-at least 2 levels of government (federal & state)

Question 26

dual federalism

Answer 26

-national government takes care of enumerated powers
-states independently take care of reserved powers

Question 27

cooperative federalism

Answer 27

-national government supports state governments’ efforts to address domestic matters reserved to them

Question 28

conflicted federalism

Answer 28

-elements of dual federalism, cooperative federalism, centralized federalism seen in policies implemented by state governments

Question 29

new federalism

Answer 29

-national government returning policy responsibilities to state governments

Question 30

devolution

Answer 30

-sending power from the federal government back to state governments
-began with Nixon & Reagan

Question 31

unitary

Answer 31

-central government has ultimate authority

Question 32

confederal

Answer 32

-states have ultimate sovereignty

Question 33

state sovereignty

Question 34

habeas corpus

Answer 34

-an accused person is told what they are being charged with by a judge

Question 35

impeachment process

Question 36

judicial review

Answer 36

-ability to declare legislative/executive act in violation of constitution
-review for constitutionality
-supremacy clause & article III, section I, clause I

Question 37

appellate jurisdiction

Answer 37

-supreme court has authority to review decisions of lower courts

Question 38

original jurisdiction

Answer 38

-supreme court has original jurisdiction in cases involving ambassadors, public ministers/consuls, and when state is a party

Question 39

federal revenue sharing

Answer 39

-sharing federal revenue with states

Question 40

mandates

Answer 40

statements from federal government requiring state governments to do something specified by a federal act

Question 41

intergovernmental relations

Question 42

creeping categorization

Answer 42

-fewer strings although increasing
-block grants

Question 43

funded mandates

Answer 43

federal government assumes entire cost

Question 44

unfunded mandates

Answer 44

federal government assumes some cost, state has to match

Question 45

due process

Answer 45

-not losing natural rights without a fair opportunity to defend oneself in a court of law