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FMA > Female Perineum > Flashcards

Female Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the perineum from the pelvic cavity?

A

Pelvic diaphragm

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2
Q

What are the two triangles within the perineum?

A

urogenital triangle and anal triangle

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3
Q

What are the borders of the perineum?

A

pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities, and coccyx

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4
Q

Anal triangle contains

A

anal canal
ischio-anal fossa
pudendal canal

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5
Q

Ischio-anal fossa

A

wedge shaped space on either side of anal canal (fat, inferior rectal VAN, cutaneous nerves)

Ischo-anal fossa abscesses

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6
Q

Pudendal canal

A

horizontal passageway within obturator fascia

contains internal pudendal a and v, pudendal n, and nerve to obturator internus

^^^ from lesser sciatic foramen

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7
Q

What is part of the urogenital triangle for females?

A

urethra
mons pubis
labia majora
labia minora
vestibule of vagina
vestibular glands
bulbs of vestibule
clitoris
superficial perineal mm
deep perineal mm

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8
Q

What is the innervation of the urethra?

A

Prox: visceral afferents S2-S4
distal: somatic afferents S2-S4

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9
Q

What is the arterial supply for the urethra?

A

prox: vaginal a

distal: internal pudendal a branches

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10
Q

Venous supply for urethra?

A

internal iliac vv

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11
Q

Lumbar innervation for perineum?

A

mons pubs and anterior labia majora

L1- ilioingual n
L1/2- genitofemoral n

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12
Q

Sacral innervation for perineum?

A

Clitoris: dorsal n of clitoris (S2-S4)

Central perineum: superficial branch of perineal n (S2-S4)

Vaginal orifice/lower vagina: deep branch of perineal n (S2-S4)

Lateral perineum: perineal branch of posterior femoral cutaneous n (S2-S3)

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13
Q

Arterial supply of vulva?

A

inferior pudendal a branches

  • posterior labial a (labia majora and minora
  • artery of vestibule (bulb and greater vestibular glands)

Deep a of clitoris (corpus cavernosum)

dorsal a of clitoris (glans clitoris)

external pudendal a branches (mons pubis and anterior labia majora)

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14
Q

Proximal urethra where? distal?

A

prox: pelvis
distal: perineum

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15
Q

why is there increased UTI risk for female urethra?

A

4 cm in length

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16
Q

Urethra has what spincter?

A

external urethral spincter

17
Q

What are the glands draining directly into the urethra?

A

urethral glands

18
Q

What are the glands that drain into the vaginal vestibule. What are they homologus to?

A

Paraurethral glands

homologus to prostrate glands

19
Q

Fatty eminence anterior to pubic symphysis

A

mons pubis

20
Q

labia majora

A

folds on either side of pudendal cleft contains sebaceous glands AND hair follicles

join at anterior and posterior commissures

21
Q

Labia minora

A

folds of HAIRLESS skin with sebaceous glands

surrounds vestibule fo vagina

anterior: prepuce and frenulum of clitoris

connected posteriorly by transverse fold (frenulum of labia minora)

22
Q

Vestibule of vagina

A

space central to labia majora

external urethral orifice surrounded by paraurethral duct openings

Vaginal orifice
Vestibular gland duct openings

23
Q

Greater vestibular glands

A

enter at 5 and 7 o clock position

covered by bulbospongious m

secrete mucus during sexual arousal

homologues to bulbo-urethral glands in males

24
Q

Bulbs of vestibule

A

erectile tissue superior to but not within labia majora

homologues to bulb/corpus spongiosum of penis

25
Q

Clitoris

A

erectile tissue at anterior labia majora

glans (dorsal n of clitoris)

body (covered by prepuce and contains corpus cavernosa)

crura (attach to inferior pubic rami)

26
Q

Superficial perineal mm

A

Ischiocavernosus m
Bulbospongiosus m
Superficial transverse perinal m

27
Q

Ischocavernosus m

A

compress crura of clitoris and assist erectionBu

28
Q

Bulbospongiosus m

A

compresses bulb of vaginal bestibule

assists clitorial erection

support pelvic floor

29
Q

Superficial transverse perinal m

A

attach to perinal body and assist with support of pelvic floor

30
Q

Deep perineal mm

A

deep transverse perineal m

external urethral spincter

31
Q

Deep transverse perinal m

A

attaches to perineal body and assists with support of pelvic floor

innervated by deep branch of perineal n

32
Q

External urethral spincter

A

voluntary spincter maintains urinary continence

innervated by dorsal n of clitoris

33
Q

Perineal pouches

A

Vertical subdivisions of urogenital triangle

separated by perineal membrane

superficial (inferior to membrane)
deep (superior to membrane)

34
Q

Fascia of perineum

A

superficial and deep

35
Q

perineal membrane separates

A

deep and superficial perineal pouches

36
Q

Lymphatics for perineum

A

most drainage to superficial inguinal nodes

EXCEPT
1. glans clitoris to deep inguinal nodes
2. urethra and anal canal above pectinate line to internal iliac nodes

37
Q

Superficial perineal fascia

A

continues anteriorly as membranous layer of abdominal wall subcutaneous tissue

ends posteriorly at perineal body
ends laterally at fascia lata

38
Q

Deep perinal fascia

A

covers superficial perineal mm.

FMA (1 decks)

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