Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Female Repro > Flashcards

Female Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Folliculogensis definition

A

Is the growth and development of follicle from the earliest stage until ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Folliculogenesis has 2phases
Which one o]is fish dependent and which one is not

A

Prenatal phase fsh independent
Antral phase FSH dependent ( graffian )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Based on which theory

A

It’s based on 2 gonadotrphin 2 cells theory for estrogen production ,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which cells responsible for production of androgen in the follicle under which hormone effect

A

Theca cells under the effect of LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does follicle produce estrogens

A

From the granulosa cells by converting androgen into estrogen under fsh aromatizing effect .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which hormone is important in early folliculogenesis

A

FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which hormone optimized final stages of follicle maturation and promotes growth of the dominant follicle

A

LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does Theca cells secrete

A

Androgens
Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Theca cells can’t produce main sex hormone what is it and why

A

Testosterone due to the lack of 17b-HSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Theca cells have only one type of receptors which is

A

LH receptors only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Granulosa cells secretes two hormones mention them

A

Estrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which one have p450 aromatase
Theca cells or granulosa cells

A

Granulosa cells have p450 aromatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which kind of receptor. Does granulosa cells have

A

It has fsh and LH receptors both
But Theca cells have only LH receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stages of ovarian follicle development
———; ———; ———;——-;——-

A

Primordial follicle ——- primary follicle ——- 2ndry follicle —- antral follicle —— dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Primordial follicle consist of primary or 2ndry oocyte

A

Primary oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which stage of follicle development contains only 1 single layer of granulosa cells and a basal lamina just
Shape of granulosa cells at that stage is

A

Primordial follicle have only 1 single layer of granulosa cells
Flat not cuboidal yet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When does primordial follicle. Form

A

At 6 month gestational age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Number of primordial follicles at 6 month s=gestation is

A

5-7 millions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Number of primordial follicle at birth is

A

2 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

No of primordial follicles at puberty is

A

300000-500000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How many of the primordial follicles at puberty will be selected for ovulation later on

A

Only ~ 500 follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which stage of follicular development gets in the granulosa cells epithelium from flat to cuboidal

A

Primary follicle stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

At which stage of follicular development zone pellucida forms

A

At the primary follicle stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Primary follicle is dependent or independent on FSh

A

It’s independent on FSh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

At which follicular development stages does fsh receptors start to develop

A

At the primary follicle stage fsh receptors start to develop .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which stage the follicle gain 2 layers of granulosa cells

A

2ndry follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

At which day of the cycle there will be 2 layers of granulosa cells

A

At the 5 day of cycle .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Theca cells recruitment is at which stage

A

At the 2ndry follicle stage
Theca cells surround the granulosa cells .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

At which stage the mitotic activity is high

A

At the 2ndry follicle stage when there’s 2 layers of granulosa cells surrounded by 2 layers of Theca cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Theca cells layers are
Which one is fibroses and which one is secretory

A

Theca interna secretory have LH receptors
Theca externa fibroses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Vascular layer which is a capillary network layer forms at which stage and where it’s placed

A

It’s formed between the 2 theca layer stage at the 2ndry follicle time .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Define preantral follicle

A

It’s the 2ndry follicle in its late stages .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Histological contents of the preantral follicle are

A

1 oocyte
Zonal pellucida
2 9 layers of granulosa cells
3 basal lamina
4 Theca interna
5 capillary network
6 Theca externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How many layers of granulosa cells does the pre antral follicle contain

A

9 layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Another 2 names for Graafian follicle

A

Antral follicle or tertiary follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What the whole mark for tertiary follicle

A

Formation of fluid filled cavity between the granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Where does the fluid filled cavity forms in the follicle

A

Graffian follicle between the granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Define corona radiata
At which stage of follicle does it develop

A

It’s formed by the granulosa cell layer that is directly surrounding the oocyte ,
At the Graafian follicle stage .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Graffian follicle dependent on which hormone

A

Dependent on FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The size that Graafian follicle might reach

A

> 1 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Which hormone is secreted by the graaffian follicle

A

Estrogen .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Define preovulatory follicle

A

It’s the Graafian follicle in its late stages of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

How many ovulatory follicles will enter the menstrual cycle .

A

5-7 preovulatory follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Which follicles that will undergoe atresia and not become the dominant follicle

A

The follicles that have low FSH receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Which follicle will undergo ovulation

A

The dominant follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Size of the follicle at ovulation

A

20 mm = 2 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Time length for follicle from resting to ovulation

A

375 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

How many menstrual cycles needed for the follicle to develop from resting until ovulation

A

13 cycles ~

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Follicular growth from preantral follicle till ovulation needs how many days

A

It needs ~ 90 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Define oogenesis

A

The process by which the mature ova is formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What does oogenesis consist of 3 phases

A

It consist of 1 oocytogenesis
2 ootidogenesis
3 maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Stages of development in general

A

Primordial germ cells
Oogonium
Primary oocyte
2ndry oocyte
Ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What’s the origin of the primordial germ cells and where does it migrate to and when and what happens to them after that

A

They will migrate from the yolk sac to the gonadal ridge where is the ovary ant they will stay in the cortex
At 5th month of gestation
They will decide by mitosis to form oogonium

54
Q

Maximum no of oogonium between 16-20 weeks of gestation is

A

6-7 millions

55
Q

No of chromosomes in oogonium

A

46 chromosomes diploid

56
Q

Which is the type of division
Oogonium ——- primary oocyte
When does it happen at which trimester

A

Mitosis
At the 3rd month of gestation . In the 2nd trimester .

57
Q

How many chromosemes in the primary oocyte

A

46 chromosomes

58
Q

Which type of follicle surround the primary oocyte

A

Primordial follicle .

59
Q

When does primary oocyte undergoes meiosis 1

A

At 5th month gestational age

60
Q

Which type of division does primary oocyte get into

A

Meiosis 1 at 5th month gestation

61
Q

At which stage does meiosis 1 arrested at and till when

A

It’s arrested at meiosis 1 prophase deplotene stage until ovulation .

62
Q

When does primary oocyte complete meiosis 1

A

It completes meiosis 1 at ovulation giving 1 secondary oocyte
2 1st polar body .

63
Q

How many of chromosomes are in 2ndry oocyte

A

Haploid number 23 chromosomes

64
Q

What is the primitive ovum

A

Is the 2ndry oocyte .

65
Q

By which type of follicle does 2ndry oocyte surrounded by

A

It’s surrounded by 2ndry follicle .

66
Q

Which type of oocyte enter meiosis 2 and arrested in it till when

A

2ndry oocyte enters meiosis 2 and get arrested at metaphase 2 until fertilization occur

67
Q

When does meiosis 2 completed

A

At fertilization
Givin ovum and 2nd polar body

68
Q

No of polar bodies formed by oogenesis

A

3 polar bodies

69
Q

How many chromatid in 2ndry oocyte and in primary oocyte

A

2ndry oocyte 46 chromatid 23 chromosome
QRS oocyte 92 chromatids 46 chromosomes

70
Q

Ootid

A

An ootid is the haploid result of ootidogenesis.[4] In oogenesis, it doesn’t really have any significance in itself, since it is very similar to the ovum. However, it fills the purpose as the female counterpart of the male spermatid in spermatogenesis.

Each chromosome is split between the two ootids, leaving only one chromatid per chromosome. Thus, there are 23 chromatids in total (1N).

In other words, the ootid is the immature ovum formed shortly after fertilization, but before complete maturation into an ovum. Thus, the time spent as an ootid is measured in minutes.

71
Q

2ndry oocyte

A

The secondary oocyte is the cell that is formed by meiosis I in oogenesis.[3] Thus, it has only one of each pair of homologous chromosomes. In other words, it is haploid. However, each chromosome still has two chromatids, making a total of 46 chromatids (1N but 2C). The secondary oocyte continues the second stage of meiosis (meiosis II), and the daughter cells are one ootid and one polar body.

Secondary oocytes are the immature ovum shortly after ovulation, to fertilization, where it turns into an ootid. Thus, the time as a secondary oocyte is measured in days.

The secondary oocyte is the largest cell in the body, and in humans is just visible to the naked eye.

72
Q

1ry oocyte

A

The primary oocyte is defined by its process of ootidogenesis, which is meiosis.[2] It has duplicated its DNA, so that each chromosome has two chromatids, i.e. 92 chromatids all in all (4C).

When meiosis I is completed, one secondary oocyte and one polar body is created.

Primary oocytes have been created in late fetal life. This is the stage where immature ova spend most of their lifetime, more specifically in diplotene of prophase I of meiosis. The halt is called dictyate. Most degenerate by atresia, but a few go through ovulation, and that’s the trigger to the next step. Thus, an immature ovum can spend up to ~55 years as a primary oocyte (the last ovulation before menopause).

73
Q

No of chromosome and chromatids for each stage

A
74
Q

When at the menstrual cycle estrogen and progesterone are at their lowest

A

1st day of cycle ( menstruation )

75
Q

Define menstrual cycle

A

It’s the proliferation and shedding of the functional layer of the endometru]ium

76
Q

Phases of the menstrual cycle with days

A

Menstruation day1 to day 6b
Proliferation day 6 to day 15
Secretory phase from day 16 to day day 28b

77
Q

Amount of blood loss in menstruation is

A

50-150ml

78
Q

The main cause of blood loss ‘ menstruation is

A

Progesterone withdrawal

79
Q

Which one is called the follicular phase

A

The proliferation phase from day 6- day 15

80
Q

Proliferative / follicular phase is under the influence of which hormone
Site of production

A

Under the influence of estrogen . From the Graafian follicle .

81
Q

Which phase is called the lateral phase

A

Secretory phase

82
Q

Secretory phase or luteal phase is under the effect of which hormone

A

Progesterone

83
Q

Define luteal phase

A

Between ovulation and the start of menstruation

84
Q

Which phase of the menstrual cycle phases is constant

A

The luteal phase 14 days

85
Q

Luteal phase is under the influence of

A

CL

86
Q

Describe hormonal changes at day 1 of menstrual cycle

A

Lowest levels of estrogen and progesterone leads to stimulation of GNrH increase
GNrH stimulates FSh release which stimulate secretion of estrogen from the 2ndry follicle .

87
Q

Day 14 describe the hormonal changes

A

There is rising levels of estrogen : leading to inhibition of FSH and initiation of LH secretion

88
Q

What initiates ovulation

A

LH surge .

89
Q

Describes hormonal changes in the luteal phase

A

Corpus luteum secrete progesterone
Rising levels of progesterone leads to decreased levels of LH

90
Q

How does dominant follicle survives falling in FSh

A

By responding to LH

91
Q

Fsh increase when does it occur

A

It increasing slowly until ovulation reachin highest level but not as much as increasement in LH levels small curve ,

92
Q

Fsh surge when does it occur

A

Little a bit before LH surge

93
Q

Fsh rise. Called

A

Inter cycle rise

94
Q

LH rises slowly through follicular phase and when does it peak

A

At midcycle to allow ovulation to occur 48 hrs after

95
Q

The decrease in LH after surge is it slow or rapid

A

Rapid decrease occur after ovulation.

96
Q

Estrogen peaks no an when occur during the cycle

A

It has 2 peaks one before and during ovulation and one in the luteal phase midluteal

97
Q

Progesterone peak when

A

Midluteal phase .higher than estrogen.

98
Q

Define ovulation

A

Is the process when the follicle rupture an release ovum .

99
Q

Transition from follicular to luteal phase is defined by

A

Ovulation

100
Q

When does ovulation occur

A

18 hrs after LH peak

101
Q

What are the signs of ovulation

A

1 midcycle pelvic pain (mittelschmerz )
2 free fluid in the pouch of Douglas .

102
Q

What is the fate of the ruptured follicle

A

It will become the corpus luteum.

103
Q

شو بترسب corpus luteum

A

Lipids , endoplasmic reticulum , blood vessels

104
Q

When does corpus luteum former
And develop from what

A

Corpus luteum forms from the ruptured Graafian follicle
During luteal phase of m cycle

105
Q

What hormones produced by the corpus luteum

A

Estrogen , progesterone and inhibin ,

106
Q

Which hormonal receptors are on the corpus luteum

A

LH receptors .

107
Q

Describe the fate of corpus luteum if fertilization occurs

A

Corpus luteum ——> degenerated only after placenta take place——> corpus albicans .

108
Q

When does cL degenerates if fertilization occurs

A

Only after placenta takes place

109
Q

When does replacement of corpus luteum occurs in pregnancy

A

At th 3rd month

110
Q

How many months does corpus luteum persist

A

6 months .

111
Q

If fertilization doesnt occur what’s the fate of CL

A

It becomes corpus albicans

112
Q

Define corpus albicans

A

Mass of fibrous scar tissue .

113
Q

Define menarche

A

It’s the time of first menstruation .

114
Q

At which age does menarche occur

A

Between 10 and 16

115
Q

Avg age of menarche in African and western Caucasians

A

African 12.3 yrs
Western 12.8 years

116
Q

For menarche to occur there’s specific changes that must occur mention the m

A

Sufficient body mass to be achieved , 48 kg minimum with 17% fat
GNrH pulse generator activation ‘
Ovarian estrogen growth of the uterus
Fluctuating estrogen levels

117
Q

Does menarche signal that ovulation is started

A

No it doesn’t mean that
Menstruation. Doesn’t mean ovulation

118
Q

1st year of menarche —- % of cycles that at unovulatory
3rd year of menarche —-% of cycles that are uncvulatory
5th year post menarche —- % of cycle anovulatory

A

1st 80%
3rd 50 %
5th year 10%

119
Q

Nubility

A

Is a term for regular ovulation .

120
Q

When Do we diagnose primary amenorrhea

A

When the menarche failed to occur
1 3 years after the,r he ( breast development )
2 at age of 16 years with normal secondary characteristics
3 at age of 14 years with absence of normal secondary characteristics .

121
Q

What it the age range four menopause

A

45- 51 years old

122
Q

Average age of menopause in Uk

A

51 years

123
Q

Mention 3 factors that reduce the menarche age

A

1- cigeratte smoking by 12 months ‘
2- hysterectomy with ovarian preservation ; reduce it by 4 years .
3- uterine artery embolization ; 5% of them will have premature ovarian failure

124
Q

Percentage of premature menopause

A

1 %

125
Q

When does premature menopause occur

A

When menopause occur before the age of 40

126
Q

Is the incidence higher or lower in identical twins for premature menopause

A

It’s higher incidence in premature menopause

127
Q

—% of identical twins reach menopause before age of 40

A

5%

128
Q

Duration for the process of premature menopause

A

The process take From 6 months to 3 years .

129
Q

Biochemical changes in menopause for
Estradiol
Inhibin
LH and FSH

A

Decreased estradiol
Decreased inhibin levels
Increased FsH and LH mainly FSH> 30 IU /dl

130
Q

Predominant estrogen in menopause is

A

Estrone

131
Q

Symptoms of menopause
Vasomotor / urogenital tract / skeletal / psychological/ sexual

A

Hot flushes and migraine
Urinary urgency frequency , urethral syndrome , vaginal atrophy
Osteoporosis and osteopenia
Mood disturbances
Memory loss. Insomnia
Decreased libido , dyspareunia .

Physiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions