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Question 1

Compositional Meaning

Answer 1

The meaning of a phrasal expression that is predictable from the meanings of smaller expressions it contains and how they are syntactically combined.

Question 2

Lexical Semantics

Answer 2

Deals with the meanings of words, including the meaning relationship among them.

Question 3

Pure Intersection

Answer 3

The relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things and the reference of the resulting phrase is all of the things that are in both the reference set of the adjective and the reference set of the noun.

Question 4

Compositional Semantics

Answer 4

Deals with the meaning of phrases and how phrasal meanings are assembled.

Question 5

Semantics

Answer 5

The subfield of linguistics that studies meaning in language.

Question 6

Sense

Answer 6

Mental representation of an expression’s meaning.

Question 7

Reference

Answer 7

Component of linguistic meaning that relates the sense of some expression to entities in the outside world; the collection of all the referents of an expression.

Question 8

Referent

Answer 8

An actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers.

Question 9

Relative Intersection

Answer 9

A type of relationship between adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative to the noun reference.

Question 10

Mental Image

Answer 10

A conception of a word’s sense as a picture in the mind of the language user that represents its meaning.

Question 11

Usage Based Definition

Answer 11

A characterization of a word’s sense based on the way that the word is used by speakers of a language.

Question 12

Prototype

Answer 12

For any given set, a member that exhibits the typical qualities of a member of that set.

Question 13

Hyponymy

Answer 13

A meaning relationship between words, where the reference of some word X is included in the reference of some other word Y.

Question 14

Antonymy

Answer 14

A meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposite.

Question 15

Synonymy

Answer 15

A meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same.

Question 16

Complementary Antonyms

Answer 16

A pair of antonyms such that everything must be described by the first word, the second word or neither.

Question 17

Gradable Antonyms

Answer 17

Words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale.

Question 18

Reverses

Answer 18

Antonyms in which one word in the pair suggests movement that undoes the movement suggested by the other.

Question 19

Converses

Answer 19

Antonyms in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposite to that of the second word.

Question 20

Proposition

Answer 20

The claim expressed by a sentence.

Question 21

Truth Values

Answer 21

Either true or false; the reference of a sentence.

Question 22

Truth Conditions

Answer 22

The set of conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for the proposition expressed by some sentence to be true.

Question 23

Entailment

Answer 23

A relationship between propositions where a proposition p is said to entail another proposition q just in case if p is true, q has to be true as well.

Question 24

Mutual Entailment

Answer 24

The relationship between two propositions where they entail one another.

Question 25

Incompatibility

Answer 25

The relationship between two propositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously.

Question 26

Subsective Adjectives

Answer 26

Adjectives whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun they modify refers to.

Question 27

Non-intersective Adjective

Answer 27

An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies, but that does not, in and of itself, refer to any particular set of things.

Question 28

Anti-intersection Adjectives

Answer 28

An adjective whose referents are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies.

Question 29

Intersective Adjectives

Answer 29

An adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies.

Question 30

Idiom

Answer 30

A multi-word lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional.