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PH 113 - Pharmacology 1 > FINAL 02 - Autacoids > Flashcards

FINAL 02 - Autacoids Flashcards

1
Q

Derived from the Greek word autos (self) and akos (medicinal agent or remedy)

A

Autacoids

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2
Q

Are heterogenous substances with widely differing structures and pharmacologic activities

A

Autacoids

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3
Q

Are formed by the tissues on which they act, and therefore function as local hormones

A

Autacoids

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4
Q

Are oxygenation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids (Types of autacoids)

A

Eicosanoids

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5
Q

Constitute a very large family of compounds that are highly potent and display a wide spectrum of biologic activity (Types of autacoids)

A

Eicosanoids

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6
Q

Are products of cyclooxygenases (COX)/prostaglandin/endoperoxide synthases (Types of autacoids)

A

Prostanoids

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7
Q

Includes prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes (Types of autacoids)

A

Prostanoids

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8
Q

Constitutive (Types of COX)

A

COX-1

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9
Q

Inducible (Types of COX)

A

COX-2

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10
Q

“Housekeeping” (Types of COX)

A

COX-1

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11
Q

Involved in inflammation and cancer (Types of COX)

A

COX-2

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12
Q

Prostaglandins differ in the substituents of the pentane ring (indicated by the ___________)

A

Last letter

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13
Q

Prostaglandins differ in the number of double bonds in the side chains (indicated by the ____________)

A

Subscript

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14
Q

PGE2 and PGI2 are involved in cardiovascular ___________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

A

Vasodilation

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15
Q

PGF2a and TXA2 are involved in cardiovascular ___________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

A

Vasoconstriction

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16
Q

PGE2 and PGF2a are involved in GI longitudinal muscle __________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

A

Contraction

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17
Q

PGF2a and PGI2 are involved in GI circular muscle __________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

A

Contraction

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18
Q

PGE2 is involved in GI circular muscle __________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

A

Relaxation

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19
Q

PGE2 and PGI2 __________ mucus (cytoprotective) and __________ acid and pepsin (Effects of prostaglandins)

A

Increases, Decreases

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20
Q

PGE2 and PGI2 is involved in respiratory smooth muscle __________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

A

Relaxation

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21
Q

PGD2, TXA2, and PGF2a are involved in respiratory smooth muscle __________ (Effects of prostaglandins)

A

Contraction

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22
Q

TXA2 and PGE2 __________ platelet aggregation in low concentrations (Effects of prostaglandins)

A

Enhances

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23
Q

PGE2, PGD2, and PGI2 __________ platelet aggregation in high concentrations (Effects of prostaglandins)

A

Inhibits

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24
Q

PGE2 and PGI2 are involved in intrarenal __________ and stimulation of renin release (Effects of prostaglandins)

A

Vasodilation

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25
TXA2 is involved in intrarenal __________ (Effects of prostaglandins)
Vasoconstriction
26
PGF2a, TXA2, and PGE2 are involved in uterine muscle __________ in low concentrations (Effects of prostaglandins)
Contraction
27
PGI2 and PGE2 are involved in uterine muscle __________ in high concentrations (Effects of prostaglandins)
Relaxation
28
PGE2, PGF2a, and PGI2 causes __________ (Effects of prostaglandins)
Fever
29
PGE2 and PGI2 is involved in __________ formation and leukocyte infiltration (Effects of prostaglandins)
Edema
30
TXA2 is involved in ___________ interaction (Effects of prostaglandins)
Platelet-leukocyte
31
PGD2 is involved in __________ and __________ chemoattraction (Effects of prostaglandins) (ET)
Eosinophil, TH2
32
PGE2 is involved in __________ resorption and formation (Effects of prostaglandins)
Bone
33
PGE and PGF decreases __________ (Effects of prostaglandins)
IOP
34
Used for maintenance of patient ductus arteriosus in neonates awaiting cardiac surgery and treatment for impotence (Prostaglandin analogs)
Alprostadil (PGE1)
35
Used for prevention of peptic ulcer and also used for abortion in combination with mifepristone (Prostaglandin analogs)
Misoprostol (PGE1)
36
Used for treatment of open-angle glaucoma (Prostaglandin analogs)
Latanoprost (PGF2a)
37
Used for treatment of pulmonary hypertension and portopulmonary hypertension (Prostaglandin analogs)
Epoprostenol (Prostacyclin/PGI2)
38
Products of lipooxygenase (LOX); produced in neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, etc. (Types of autacoids)
Leukotrienes
39
Blocks LTD4 receptors; used for mild to moderate asthma (Leukotrine antagonists) (MZ)
Montelukast, Zafirlukast
40
A hydrophilic molecule consisting of an imidazole ring and an amino group connected by two methylene groups (Types of autacoids)
Histamine
41
Primarily stored in mast cells and basophils (Types of autacoids)
Histamine
42
Causes bronchoconstriction in asthma and intestinal contraction (Histamine receptors)
H1
43
Vasodilation and edema formation (Histamine receptors)
H1
44
Stimulates sensory nerve endings for pain and itch (Histamine receptors)
H1
45
Stimulates acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor secretion (Histamine receptors)
H2
46
Cardiac stimulation (Histamine receptors)
H2
47
Has a role in appetite and satiety (Histamine receptors)
H3
48
Cellular shape change, chemotaxis, and upregulation of adhesion molecules (Histamine receptors)
H4
49
__________ is used as a provocative test for bronchial hyperreactivity
Histamine
50
Physiologic antagonist of histamine; used as treatment for anaphylaxis
Epinephrine
51
2 release inhibitors of histamine; used as treatment for asthma (CN)
Cromolyn, Nedocromil
52
Drugs that work by reversible inhibition of H1 receptor
H1 receptor antagonists
53
Penetrates the CNS; is nonpolar; causes sedation; nonselective (Generations of H1 receptor antagonists)
1st generation
54
Does not penetrate the CNS; is polar; does not cause sedation; specific for H1 receptors (Generations of H1 receptor antagonists)
2nd generation
55
Tricyclic dibenzoxepins (Doxepin) (Generations of H1 receptor antagonists)
1st generation
56
Ethanolamines (Carbinoxamine, clemastine, dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramines) (Generations of H1 receptor antagonists)
1st generation
57
Piperazines (Hydroxyzine, cyclizine, meclizine) (Generations of H1 receptor antagonists)
1st generation
58
Alkylamines (Bropheniramine, chlorpheniramine) (Generations of H1 receptor antagonists)
1st generation
59
Phenothiazines (Promethazine) (Generations of H1 receptor antagonists)
1st generation
60
Ethylenediamines (Pyrilamine, tripelennamine) (Generations of H1 receptor antagonists)
1st generation
61
Piperidines (Cyproheptadine, phenindamine) (Generations of H1 receptor antagonists)
1st generation
62
Alkylamines (Acrivastine) (Generations of H1 receptor antagonists)
2nd generation
63
Piperazines (Cetirizine) (Generations of H1 receptor antagonists)
2nd generation
64
Phthalazinones (Azelastine) (Generations of H1 receptor antagonists)
2nd generation
65
Piperidines (Levocabastine, loratadine, desloratadine, ebastine, mizolastine, fexofenadine) (Generations of H1 receptor antagonists)
2nd generation
66
1st generation H1 antagonists causes __________
Sedation
67
Dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, cyclizine, meclizine, and promethazine are used as an __________ and __________ (AA)
Antinausea, Antiemetic
68
Diphenhydramine is used for __________
Antiparkinsonism
69
Cyproheptadine is used for __________
Serotonin block
70
Diphenhydramine and promethazine are used for __________
Local anesthesia
71
DOC for urticartia (hives)
H1 antagonists
72
2nd line drug for allergic rhinitis
H1 antagonists
73
Diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, promethazine, cyclizine, and meclizine are used for __________ and __________ (MV)
Motion sickness, Vestibular disturbances
74
Doxylamine is used for nausea and vomiting in __________
Pregnancy
75
H1 antagonists cause __________ and __________ effects (SA)
Sedation, Anticholinergic
76
Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, and nizatidine are __________ used for ulcer and other hypersecretory conditions in the stomach
H2 receptor antagonists
77
Drugs ending with "-tidine" are __________
H2 receptor antagonists
78
Found in enterochromaffin cells throughout the GI tract, in storage granules, and throughout the CNS; derived from tryptophan
Serotonin
79
Is an essential amino acid not synthesized in the body so it must be obtained from the diet
L-tryptophan
80
Antinociception (anti-pain) (Serotonin receptors)
5-HT1A
81
ENS function (Serotonin receptors)
5-HT1P
82
Bronchoconstriction, vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, GI muscle contraction, and peristalsis (Serotonin receptors)
5-HT2
83
Vomiting and chemoreceptor reflex (Serotonin receptors)
5-HT3
84
ENS function (prokinesis) (Serotonin receptors)
5-HT4
85
Syndrome that causes hyperthermia and skeletal muscle contractions; happens when MAO inhibitors are given serotonin agonists
Serotonin syndrome
86
Buspirone (partial 5-HT1A agonist) is used as an __________
Anxiolytic
87
Sumatripan (5-HT1D/1B agonist) is used for __________
Migraine
88
Cisapride (5-HT4 agonist) is used for the treatment of __________ and motility disorders
GERD
89
Tegaserod (partial 5-HT4 agonist) is used for __________
IBS
90
Ketanserin (5-HT2 agonist) is used for __________; it also blocks α1 receptors
Hypertension
91
Ondansetron and granisetron (5-HT3 agonists) are used for the prevention of __________ and __________ associated with surgery and cancer chemotherapy (NV)
Nausea, Vomiting
92
Ergot alkaloids are sourced from __________
Claviceps purpurea
93
Ergot alkaloids may be __________ or __________ alkaloids (AP)
Amine, Peptide
94
__________ is vasoselective (Examples of ergot alkaloids)
Ergotamine
95
__________ is uteroselective (Examples of ergot alkaloids)
Ergonovine
96
__________ is CNS selective (Examples of ergot alkaloids)
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
97
Involved in migraine and cluster headache (Examples of ergot alkaloids)
Ergotamine
98
Involved in postpartum bleeding and migraine bleeding (Examples of ergot alkaloids)
Ergonovine
99
Is widely abused (Examples of ergot alkaloids)
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
100
__________ and __________ are used in Parkinson's disease and prolactinoma (Ergot derivatives) (BP)
Bromocriptine, Pergolide
101
__________ is used in equine Cushing's disease (Ergot derivatives)
Pergolide

PH 113 - Pharmacology 1 (22 decks)

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