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Physical Science Final > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

0
Q

a chemical ______ is the arrangement of atoms in a substance

A

structure

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1
Q

the forces that hold atoms or ions together in a compound are called _____ bonds

A

chemical

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2
Q

bond ______ is the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms

A

length

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3
Q

bond _____ is the angle formed by two bonds to the same atom

A

angle

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4
Q

the chemical ______of a compound determines the properties of the compound

A

structure

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5
Q

attractions between water molecules are called ______ bonds

A

hydrogen

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6
Q

generally, atoms join to form bonds so that each atom has a stable electron _____

A

configuration

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7
Q

there are two basic kinds of chemical bonding, _______ & _______

A

iconic, covalent

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8
Q

_______ bonds form from the attractions between oppositely charged ions

A

ionic

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9
Q

a ______ unit is the smallest ratio of ions in ionic compounds

A

formula

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10
Q

most of the time, natural science is divided into biological science, _______ science, and Earth science

A

physical

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11
Q

_______ is the knowledge obtained by observing natural events and conditions in order to discover facts and formulate laws or principles that can be verified or tested

A

science

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12
Q

______ science is the science of living things. examples are borang and ecology

A

biological

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13
Q

______ science is the science of matter and energy. examples are chemistry and physics

A

physical

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14
Q

_______ science is the science of the Earth, the atmosphere, and the weather. examples are meteorology and geology

A

Earth

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15
Q

science and technology work together. ______ science is the continuing search for scientific knowledge

A

pure

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16
Q

______is the application of science for practical purposes

A

technology

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17
Q

______explain why something happens

A

theories

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18
Q

______ explain how something works

A

laws

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19
Q

_______: a descriptive statement or equation that reliably predicts events under certain conditions

A

law

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20
Q

every sample of ______ is either an element, a compound, or a mixture

A

matter

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21
Q

_____ is anything that has mass and takes up space

A

matter

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22
Q

an ______ is a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

A

element

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23
Q

a ______ is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element

A

atom

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24
Q

a ______ is a group of atoms that are held together by chemical forces; a _______ is the smallest unit of matter that can exist by itself and treason all of s substance’s chemical properties

A

molecule, molecule

25
Q

a _______ is a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

A

compound

26
Q

elements and compounds are ______ substances, but mixtures are not

A

pure

27
Q

a _______ substance is a sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that had definite chemical and physical properties

A

pure

28
Q

a ______ is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

A

mixture

29
Q

a ______ mixture is substances that are not mixed uniformly and are not evenly distributed throughout

A

heterogeneous

30
Q

according to the _______ theory of matter, all matter is made up of atoms and molecules. these atoms and molecules are like tiny particles that are always in motion

A

kinetic

31
Q

the higher the ______ of matter is, the faster the particles of matter move

A

temperature

32
Q

regarding matter, at the same temperature, more massive particles move ________ than less massive ones

A

slower

33
Q

the _______ theory helps to explain the differences between the 3 common states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas

A

kinetic

34
Q

you can classify matter as a solid, liquid, or gas by determining whether the shape and volume are definite or ________

A

variable

35
Q

________ have definite shape and definite volume

A

solids

36
Q

_______ change shape, but not volume

A

liquids

37
Q

______ change both shape and volume

A

gas

38
Q

_______ are non-solid states of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other, as in a gas or liquid

A

fluids

39
Q

_______ is the most common state of matter, and it consists of free-moving ions and elections

A

plasma

40
Q

in his periodic table, _______ arranged elements in rows by increasing atomic mass

A

Mendeleev

41
Q

_______ was able to predict new elements in his periodic table, and he even left spaces in the table to make the pattern fit

A

Mendeleev

42
Q

the modern periodic table organizes elements by atomic _______

A

number

43
Q

the ______ Law states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements

A

periodic

44
Q

elements become ______ metallic across each period

A

less

45
Q

a _______ is a row of elements in the periodic table

A

period

46
Q

a ______ is a vertical column of element in the periodic table made up of elements that share chemical properties

A

group

47
Q

the periodic trends in the periodic table are the result of _______ arrangement

A

electron

48
Q

_______ electrons account for similar properties

A

valence

49
Q

an element’s location in the periodic table is related to _______ arrangement

A

electron

50
Q

the first theory of atoms was proposed more than 2000 years ago. in the 4th century BC, the Greek philosopher _________ suggested that the universe was made up of invisible units he called atoms

A

Democritus

51
Q

in 1806, an English schoolteacher named _______ _______, stated that all atoms of an element were exactly alike, and atoms of different elements could join to form compounds

A

John Dalton

52
Q

in 1897, a Britsih scientist named ______ ______ conducted a cathode ray experiment suggesting that cathode rays were made of negatively charged particles that came from within atoms, later to be known as electrons

A

J. J. Thomson

53
Q

________ proposed that most of the mass of an atom was concentrated in the atom’s center, and he was credited with discovering the nucleus with his gold foil experiment

A

Ernst Rutherford

54
Q

the Law of _______ Proportions states that a chemical compound always contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by weight of mass

A

Definite

55
Q

an ________ is a subatomic particle that has a negative charge

A

electron

56
Q

the _______ is an atom’s central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons

A

nucleus

57
Q

a proton is found in the nucleus of an atom and has a _______ charge

A

+1

58
Q

a neutron is found in the nucleus of an atom and has a _______ charge

A

0

59
Q

an electron is found outside the nucleus and has a _______ charge

A

-1

Physical Science Final (1 decks)

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