Final

Question 1

American Realism

Answer 1

• was a style in art, music and literature that depicted contemporary social realities and the lives and everyday activities of ordinary people. The movement began in literature in the mid-19th century, and became an important tendency in visual art in the early 20th century.

Question 2

Antonin Artaud

Answer 2

• Actor, Director, Theorist
• Theory: Theatre of Cruelty
• Wrote: Theatre and its Double

Question 3

Samuel Beckett

Answer 3

• Playwright, Poet, Novelist
• Irish
• Often wrote in French then translated to English
• Wrote: Krapp’s Last Tape
• Themes: Man VS…, Loneliness, Futility of Action, Hope

Question 4

Augosto Boal

Answer 4

• Began theatre work in Brazil
• Arrested and tortured
• Developed Theatre of the Oppressed in exile

Question 5

Bertolt Brecht

Answer 5

• Popularized the Epic Theatre
• Director, Dramaturg, Playwright
• Started Berliner Ensemble

Question 6

Comedy of Menace

Answer 6

• is the body of plays written by David Campton, Nigel Dennis, N. F. Simpson, and Harold Pinter

Question 7

Distancing Effect

Answer 7

• to unsettle, to not allow for comfortable passivity
• to encourage action
• to experiment in form and effect

Question 8

Epic Theatre

Answer 8

• a theatrical approach in which various techniques are used to prevent the audience from being “lost in an illusion”
• constant reminders they are watching a performance

Question 9

Forum Theatre

Answer 9

• is a type of theatre created by the innovative and influential practitioner Augusto Boal as part of what he calls his “Theatre of the Oppressed.”
• audience participation
• as a forum for teaching people how to change their world.

Question 10

Bob Fosse

Answer 10

• was an American dancer, musical theatre choreographer, director, screenwriter, film director and actor
• He won 8 Tony Awards for choreography, more than anyone else, as well as one for direction. He was nominated for four Academy Awards, winning for his direction of Cabaret.

Question 11

Athol Fugard

Answer 11

• South African
• Plays deal with the oppression of apartheid and identity crises under oppression
• Wrote: After an Arrest

Question 12

Lorraine Hansberry

Answer 12

• She was the first black woman to write a play performed on Broadway.
• Wrote: A Raisin In The Sun

Question 13

Quiara Alegria Hudes

Answer 13

• an American playwright and composer best known for writing the book for the musical In the Heights.

Question 14

Invisible Theatre

Answer 14

• is a form of theatrical performance that is enacted in a place where people would not normally expect to see one (for example in the street or in a shopping centre) and often with the performers attempting to disguise the fact that it is a performance from those who observe and who may choose to participate in it, thus leading spectators to view it as a real, unstaged event.
• Brazilian theater practitioner Augusto Boal & Panagiotis Assimakopoulos developed the form during his time in Argentina in the 1960s as part of his Theater of the Oppressed

Question 15

Operetta

Answer 15

• a short opera, usually on a light or humorous theme and typically having spoken dialogue.

Question 16

Harold Pinter

Answer 16

• British dramatists
• Writer and political activist
• he created his own distinctive style, marked by terse dialogue and meaningful pauses.

Question 17

Franca Rame

Answer 17

• born into commedia family
• movie star in 1950’s
• wrote multiple political and feminist monologues
• Wrote: The Rape 1973

Question 18

Regional Theatre Movement

Answer 18

• spread of smaller theatre across the US

- new voices

Question 19

Rodgers and Hammerstein

Answer 19

• were an influential, innovative and successful American musical theatre writing team.
• They created a string of popular Broadway musicals in the 1940s and 1950s, initiating what is considered the “golden age” of musical theatre.
• Wrote: Oklahoma!, Carousel, South Pacific, The King and I and The Sound of Music,

Question 20

Stephen Sondheim

Answer 20

• is an American composer and lyricist known for more than a half-century of contributions to musical theatre.
• Created the Follies

Question 21

Spect-Actor

Answer 21

• is a term created by Augusto Boal to describe those engaged in Forum theatre.
• and audience must be active, equal, and have some agency as the actor

Question 22

Surrealism

Answer 22

• was a literary, artistic and revolutionary movement, founded in Paris during the 1920s.
• Its primary goal was to overcome societal traditions that oppressed the freedom of the individual, and to explore, in a completely uninhibited manner, the far reaches of one’s imagination, dreams and desires.

Question 23

Theatre of the Absurd

Answer 23

• a post World War II
• written by a number of primarily European playwrights in the late 1950s, as well as one for the style of theatre which has evolved from their work.
• Their work focused largely on the idea of existentialism

Question 24

Theatre of Cruelty

Answer 24

• a form of theatre developed by avant-garde playwright, actor, essayist, and theorist, Antonin Artaud
• break with traditional Western theatre, and a means by which artists assault the senses of the audience, and allow them to feel the unexpressed emotions.

Question 25

Theatre of the Oppressed

Answer 25

• A theatrical approach based in audience interaction that highlights, confronts, and examines,, difficult social and political topics by given voice to all sides of the argument

Question 26

August Willson

Answer 26

• an American playwright whose work included a series of ten plays, The Pittsburgh Cycle
• Wrote: Fences