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Philosophy > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Augustine believed that God created the universe out of existing matter (ex hulo).

A

FALSE

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2
Q

Earthquakes are an example of:

A

Natural Evil

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3
Q

What view would Eastern religions like Hinduism subscribe to?

A

Evil is an Illusion of the mind. Evil cannot exist because all reality is Divine

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4
Q

What view would a Manichean subscribe to?

A

Evil is caused by the existence of an evil god

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5
Q

What view would Augustine subscribe to?

A

Evil is real but it is not a thing. Evil is always a corruption of a thing.

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6
Q

True or False: Augustine believes that freewill and God’s foreknowledge are incompatible.

A

False

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7
Q

True or False: Augustine turned down the office of Bishop because he had an illegitimate son.

A

False

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8
Q

True or False: Augustine believes that there are no rational arguments attesting to the existence of God.

A

False

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9
Q

True or False: According to Matson, millions of people today accept the worldview of Augustine.

A

True

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10
Q

True or False: According to Matson, Augustine gives primacy to the will over reason.

A

True

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11
Q

True or False: The major intellectual roadblocks to Augustine’s conversion were apparent contradictions in the scriptures and the problem of evil.

A

True

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12
Q

Augustine was once a:

A

A Christian, a Manichee, and a professor of rhetoric

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13
Q

True or False: Manicheanism taught that the Old Testament contained absurdities, superstitions, and immoralities.

A

True

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14
Q

True or False: Augustine provided no arguments for the existence of God.

A

False

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15
Q

According to Augustine, what is more important in determining what our beliefs should be:

A

What the Bible says

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16
Q

According to Matson what determines our belief for Augustine:

A

The will

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17
Q

What did Augustine find attractive about Manicheanism?

A

It’s solution to the problem of evil.

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18
Q

True or False: Augustine wrote the first autobiography.

A

True

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19
Q

In addition to Scripture, what was the main philosophical determinant of Augustine’s philosophy?

A

Neoplatonism

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20
Q

Aristotle made contributions to which of the following fields:

A

Logic, Biology, Literary Criticism, and Comparative Politics

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21
Q

What was Aristotle referred to during the late middle ages?

A

The Philosopher

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22
Q

Aristotle founded a school of philosophy. What was it called?

A

The Lyceum

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23
Q

True or False: Aristotle’s works are often just lecture notes.

A

True

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24
Q

What is the ideal science for Aristotle?

A

Biology

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25
Q

Which of the 4 causes answers the question: What is it made of?

A

Material

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26
Q

Which of the 4 causes answers the question: What kind of thing is it?

A

Formal

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27
Q

Which of the 4 causes answers the question: How, or by whom or what, was it made?

A

Efficient

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28
Q

Which of the 4 causes answers the question: What is it for?

A

Final

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29
Q

What does Aristotle call the properties of a thing that it shares with other things?

A

Whatness

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30
Q

Which corresponds to Aristotle’s concept of form?

A

Whatness

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31
Q

Which corresponds to matter?

A

Thisness

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32
Q

True or False: In Aristotle’s thought, the form, formal cause, definition, and essence of a thing are all the same thing

A

True

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33
Q

Aristotle solves the problem of change by:

A

Asserting that substances are conserved through change. A substance can admit of various qualities through time.

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34
Q

According to Aristotle, what unites the change from acorn to oak is:

A

They are stages of actualization of the oak’s form.

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35
Q

True or False: Aristotle believes that earth can change into water.

A

False

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36
Q

True or False: For Aristotle science is the knowledge of essences of things.

A

True

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37
Q

According to Aristotle how did birds come to build nests?

A

It is part of their nature to build nests. This goal directed behavior is without conscious deliberation on anyone’s part.

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38
Q

True or False: Aristotle was one of the great proponents of the evolutionary theories of Anaxamander and Empedocles.

A

False

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39
Q

True or False: Aristotle’s view on universals is closer to the “realist” position.

A

False

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40
Q

True or False: Aristotle’s God cares for the creatures of this world.

A

False

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41
Q

True or False: Aristotle’s unmoved mover answers prayers.

A

False

42
Q

True or False: The Unmoved mover has a body?

A

False

43
Q

True or False: Aristotle agrees with Plato that one should not consult with the opinions of the many if you want to find out the truth about ethics.

A

False

44
Q

True or False: Aristotle rejects the “Golden Mean” as a vulgar import into Greek society from the religious works of Homer.

A

False

45
Q

True or False: Aristotle agrees that we aim for the good in Plato’s sense of the form of the good.

A

False

46
Q

True or False: Aristotle believes that we (humans) aim at happiness.

A

True

47
Q

True or False: Aristotle believed that philosophy could make ethics as precise as physics.

A

False

48
Q

When is man happiest, according to Aristotle?

A

When contemplating.

49
Q

What is the purpose of the state according to Aristotle?

A

To provide for the leisure necessary for the full actualization of the form of man.

50
Q

True or False: Aristole agreed that Plato’s Republic was the ideal state.

A

False

51
Q

True or False: Aristotle’s ideal state would outlaw infanticide.

A

False

52
Q

True or False: Aristotle placed no restrictions on abortion.

A

False

53
Q

Why is “prime matter” incoherent?

A

It has no whatness. and so we can’t speak of it.

54
Q

True or False: Aristotle’s theory that everything is a composite of form and matter is something that is discoverable by scientific means.

A

False

55
Q

True or False: The most enduring aspect of Aristotle’s thought has been his contributions to physics.

A

False

56
Q

What does it mean for something to be Hellenistic?

A

Characteristic of the Greeks.

57
Q

The dominant culture in the mideast at the time of the rise of the Roman Empire was:

A

Hellenistic

58
Q

The temperament of the late classical period (the period between the death of Alexander 322 BC to the emergence of Christianity as a cultural force) is characterized by:

A

Pessimistic renunciation of an individual’s ability to change the world and an inward search for peace of mind.

59
Q

According to Matson the “ethical-political problem” of the late classical period was:

A

Working out the good life divorced from a political context.

60
Q

Atomism is the basic philosophical position of:

A

Epicureans

61
Q

What group seeks pleasure defined as the absence of pain in body or mind–the mental state of ataraxia or repose?

A

Epicureans

62
Q

What late classical school believes that all men are subject to natural law?

A

Stoics

63
Q

What group seeks quietude?

A

Skeptics

64
Q

Which philosophical school used modes or tropes?

A

Skeptics

65
Q

What famous emperor of Rome expressed sympathy with epicureanism?

A

Julius Caesar

66
Q

Which school seeks apathy?

A

Stoics

67
Q

Which group were egocentric egoists?

A

Epicureans

68
Q

Which group was influnced by the cynics?

A

Stoics

69
Q

Which group was interested in the instrumental value of science?

A

Epicureans and Stoics

70
Q

Lucretius is a popularizer of what group’s philosophy?

A

Epicureans

71
Q

Which group rejected all emotions?

A

Stoics

72
Q

Which school took over the Academy?

A

Skeptics

73
Q

Which school seeks some state of mind as the highest good (summum bonum)?

A

Epicureans, Stoics, and Skeptics

74
Q

True or False: The Cynics trace their origins back to Socrates.

A

True

75
Q

True or False: The Cynics felt that everything natural was bad and everything artificial is good.

A

False

76
Q

True or False:

Stoicism was the dominant philosophy of Greece and Rome for 500 years.

A

True

77
Q

Which Stoic philosopher was an ex-slave?

A

Epictetus

78
Q

Which Stoic philosopher was an emperor of Rome?

A

Marcus Aurelius

79
Q

Which Stoic philosopher was the founder of Stoicism?

A

Zeno of Citium

80
Q

Which Stoic philosopher wrote Meditations?

A

Marcus Aurelius

81
Q

True or False: Stoics agreed with the Cynics that everything artificial is bad.

A

False

82
Q

Which of the following are major influences on Stoic philosophy:

A

The life of Socrates, Aristotelianism, and Heraclitus

83
Q

True or False: The Stoics were materialists.

A

True

84
Q

According to Stoicsm the cosmos is determined by:

A

The divine plan of the World-Soul, God, Zeus, Logos, Fire.

85
Q

What is the best psychological state to be in according to the Stoics?

A

Apathy

86
Q

True or False: Later Stoicism laid the groundwork for the Roman doctrine of “natural law.”

A

True

87
Q

What school was Epictetus a part of?

A

Stoics

88
Q

According to Epictetus should you grieve over the death of a child or spouse?

A

No

89
Q

Epictetus believes that you should wish for:

A

Whatever your grade turns out to be.

90
Q

According to Epictetus what should you do if wronged by a father or brother?

A

Don’t let it bother you

91
Q

True or False: Epictetus is an atheist.

A

False

92
Q

Epictetus believes that laughter is a tonic for the soul.

A

False

93
Q

According to Epictetus which should we be more concerned about:

A

The soul

94
Q

What Roman poet popularized the philosophy of Epicurus in a book length poem called On the Nature of Things?

A

Lucretius

95
Q

Why did Epicurus believe that it was necessary to study natural philosophy?

A

It helps rid yourself of fears of death and the gods.

96
Q

True or False: Epicurean ethical theory is called hedonistic egoism.

A

True

97
Q

True or False: The Skeptics tried to destroy the dogmatism of the other schools of philosophy.

A

True

98
Q

The ultimate aim of Skepticism is:

A

Imperturbability

99
Q

What is the fundamental principle of skepticism?

A

Oppose every argument by an argument of equal weight

100
Q

What is the Skeptics point in using such arguments as the search for a criterion argument and the relativity to the observer argument?

A

To justify the suspension of judgment

Philosophy (3 decks)

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