Final

Question 1

First Unified Han’gŭl Orthography announced in 1933

Answer 1

Orthographic rules for Hangul spelling adopted led by KLS and Chu Sigyong

Question 2

First Unified Han’gŭl Orthography announced in 1936

Answer 2

Dictionary of the standard vocabulary was published and “standard language” adopted based on middle-class Seoul

Problems surrounding regional dialects –> hang’ul would render other dialects obsolete

Possible linguistic discrimination

Question 3

Issues of Orthography

Answer 3

• Korean is morphophonemic: tug of wars between two powers
• King Sejong followed a reader friendly orthography
• Contemporary Han’gul had to be relearned basically

Question 4

Idu

Answer 4

inscriptional system to translate Chinese texts; used until 19th century

Question 5

Hyangchal

Answer 5

“local letters” = scribal technique native in form & spirit; transcribed literary works using Chinese

Question 6

Kugyol

Answer 6

Wrote Chinese (SVO) in Koreanized syntax (SOV) without modifying the original Chinese texts (preserving meaning); simplified Kugyol looks like Japanese katakana

Question 7

Chosengo Jiten

Answer 7

by reigning Japanese government (1912) for Japanese learning Korean.

Question 8

Monolingual Dictionary of Korean

Answer 8

by Korean Language Society (KLS) started in 1928, stopped in 1942. Meant for Koreans to explain Korean. Recreated after Japanese reign and KLS reformed to help create the dictionary

Question 9

Dictionary projects in colonial period

Answer 9

KLS pushed for a massive monolingual dictionary until 1942, when nearly the entire manuscript was confiscated by the Japanese and many scholars were imprisoned

Question 10

Dictionaries utilized as tools for long-term control over concepts and language

Answer 10

• By omitting certain words and phrases, language and ideas could be censored overtime
• Including introducing words and phrases could introduce new concepts and ideas

Question 11

Postwar language purification efforts in ROK

Answer 11

• The idea of writing hangul syllables horizontally from left to right rather than vertically from right to left
• August 1945: Korean Language Society reconstituted itself & promoted Han’Gul usage (really wanted to get rid of Chinese characters)
• KLS proposed to National Assembly (July 1948)
• -Resolution No. 6, “The Exclusive Use of Han’gul as the Official Writing System in the Government” (Some exception to using Chinese characters)
• Around May 1951, Ministry of Education established 1,300 Chinese characters for common use and announced in June 1952 Chinese characters in Education Act

Question 12

Postwar language purification efforts in DPRK

Answer 12

• May 1946: Kim II Sung published two speeches, “Culture and the Arts Must Be for the People” and “The Duty of Youth in the Construction of Democratic Korea”
• -Urged gov’t workers avoid difficult technical words and go to the masses to seek out the forms actually spoken and written
• Illiteracy was an issue: created two major Shock Campaigns to Eradicate Illiteracy (December 1947 to August 1948/December 1938 to March 1949)
• -Illiteracy disappeared by the end of 1949
• Interim People’s Committee laid out directions for future language policy
• -Basically saying unification and development of Korean language are basis for refining cultural construction for Korean people and in urgent demand
• Extensive neologism (new words and expressions) and Korean replacement for foreign words

Question 13

Actors in the Official English Debate in the late 1990s in SK

Answer 13

• Conservative Pundits = expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called on to give opinions about it to the public
• Conservative Press
• Conglomerates
• Nationalist Intellectuals

Question 14

Ideology of Necessitation

Answer 14

People should be able to explain at least simple directions in English

Question 15

Ideology of Externalization

Answer 15

Holding onto culture and tradition is most important

Question 16

Self-deprication

Answer 16

Koreans are incompetent in English

Question 17

Official English Debate in the late 1990s in South Korea

Answer 17

Brought about significant reform in English education (Proficiency focused, inclusion of listening and speaking, English education starting in younger grade-levels, Test of English Proficiency in SK, etc.)