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Astronomy > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Why are sun spots dark

A

Because they are less bright than the surrounding photosphere
They are cooler

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2
Q

What causes limb darkening

A

Decrease brightening of the disk of the sun

Center is brighter than edged

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3
Q

What’s the suns temperature

A

5778K

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4
Q

Temp of suns interior

A

27 million degrees F

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5
Q

How does the sun shine

A

Turning hydrogen into helium in its core

Nuclear fusion

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6
Q

Emission line spectrum

A

Consists of bright emission lines against a black background

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7
Q

Absorption line spectrum

A

Shows dark absorption lines over the background rainbow

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8
Q

Continues spectrum

A

Rainbow of colors

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9
Q

Emission line spectrum

A

When a source emits a specific wavelength of radiation

Occurs when an atom element or molecule in an excited state returns to a lower energy state

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10
Q

The solar spectrum

A

Wavelengths of light

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11
Q

Why does the sun resist collapse

A

Because of opposing pressure of gravity and thermal pressure are in equilibrium

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12
Q

How many stars are there

A

100 billion

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13
Q

Why do stars evolve at different rates

A

Their mass

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14
Q

How old is the sun today

A

4.5 billion years

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15
Q

How long will the sun live

A

10 billion years

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16
Q

The solar spectrum

A

Shows radiation

Longer wave lengths=less energy
Shorter wave lengthens= more energy

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17
Q

Proton proton chain

A

Produces all of the suns luminosity

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18
Q

Solar neutrinos

A

Emitted from suns core and interacts with nothing

What makes up the suns core

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19
Q

Neutrino dectors

A

Important because it’s hard to detect

Important because we can use them to study things like the sun stars and supernova

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20
Q

Sunspot cycle

A

Come and go typically within a few days

Linked by pairs of magnetic field lines

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21
Q

Solar magnetism

A

Sunspots come when magnetic field lines are distorted by sun

11 year sun spot cycle

22
Q

Active regions of the sun

A

Areas around sunspots create eruptions

23
Q

Solar flare

A

Large explosion on the suns surface

24
Q

Corona

A

Mass ejection occurs when a large bubble detaches from the sun and escapes into space

25
Q

Solar wind

A

Magnetic activity launching charges particles along magnetic field line

26
Q

Stars surface temps

A

5800k

27
Q

Stars distance

A

1 parallax

28
Q

Parallax

A

Stars apparent shift as a result of the earths orbit around the sun

29
Q

Star temperature and color

A

Depending on where they peak at different wavelengths will make them different colors

Blue and visible measure color

30
Q

Spectral type

A 
O 
B 
A 
F 
G
K
M
31
Q

Apparent magnitude

A

M=0 bright star
M=6 at the naked eye

M increases as brightness decrease

32
Q

Absolute magnitude

A

Distance

33
Q

Hr diagram

A

Graph of luminosity

34
Q

Main sequence

A

Fuse hydrogen and helium in their core

Where stars spend most of their time

35
Q

Supergiant

A

Evolve off main sequence

They are old

36
Q

White dwarf

A

All nuclear reaction stopped they are cooling

37
Q

Hr diagram for distance

A

By brightness

Bright=close

Light=far

38
Q

Life cycle of normal stars

A 
Stellar nebula 
Average star 
Red giant 
Planetary nebula 
White dwarf
39
Q

Life cycle of massive stars

A 
Stellar nebula 
Massive star 
Red supergiant 
Supernova 
Neuton star/black hole
40
Q

Helium flash and

A

Red giant

When density and core temp are high enough it ignites

41
Q

Death of subgiant stars

A

Star runs out of hydrogen

Outter layers cool

42
Q

Death of giant stars

A

Fusing helium into carbon in it’s core and fusing hydrogen and helium in a shell

After helium is gone in core shell ignited and star drops

43
Q

Planetary nebula

A

An expanding shell of hot gas that has been expelled from a star going through its late stages of evolution

44
Q

White dwarf stars

A

Carbon and electrons backed tight in its core

Dead star

45
Q

Massive stars

A

Evolve off main sequence

Fuses helium and carbon in its core

46
Q

SN1987A

A

Supernova

47
Q

Massive stars core collapse

A

Undergo nuclear fusion reactions which produce heavy element.

Bc these elements can’t fuse into heavier elements nuclear reactions in the core stop

Thermal and radiation pressure drop and the core collapses

48
Q

Type Ia supernova

A

Star begins to collapse leading to the runaway fusion of carbon and oxygen into elements called deflagration

49
Q

Neutron stars

A

Highly magnetic and rapidly rotating

50
Q

Black hole simulations

A

Bent lines going back into center

51
Q

Redshifted

A

Light that is outside the event horizon
Loses energy as it travels away from black hole

Wavelength increases leaving a black hole

Astronomy (1 decks)

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