Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 103 > FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Which structure in Figure 7-6 transforms energy?

A

J

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Homeostasis in living things involves processes that ______________________.

A

Maintain a constant internal environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because is requires _________________.

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment, ______________.

A

Fitness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In chickens, rose comb (R) is dominant to single come (r). A homozygous rose-combed rooster is mated with a single-combed hen. All of the chicks were kept together as a group for several years. They were allowed to mate only within their own group. What is the expected phenotype of the F2 chicks?

A

75% rose comb
and
25% single comb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In order to fit within a celll, DNA becomes more compact by ______________________.

A

wrapping tightly around associates proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Homologues pair up at the equator of the cell during ______________.

A

meiosis I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hooke’s discovery of cells was made observing __________________.

A

dead plant cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Prokaryotes lack __________________.

A

a nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called ______________________.

A

Osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cells is 46: How many chromosomes are in a human egg cell?

A

23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The function of tRNA is to ___________________________________.

A

Transfer amino acids to ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The idea that only famine, disease, and war could prevent the endless growth of the human populations was presented by ________________.

A

Malthus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which one of the following nucleotide pair bonds would be found in a DNA molecule?

A

Guanine - cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?

A

Chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which organic molecule below is classified as a carbohydrate?

A

Sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which was on of the first people to identify and see cork cells?

A

Robert Hooke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in the body would _______________________.

A

Occur too slowly to support life processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

DNA is copied during a process called _______________________.

A

Replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

DNA is in the form of ______________ during interphase.

A

Chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made for each original DNA strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be _______________.

A

GGATCGA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n) ______________.

A

Codon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Electrons are donated to the electron transport chain by __________________________.

A

FADH2 and NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Energy is release when the bond between __________________________
_____________________.

A

Phosphate groups in ATP are broken.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

______________________ are biological catalysts.

A

Enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Eye color in humans is the result of _____________________ inheritance.

A

Polygenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

In humans, the pelvis and the femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur are _________________________________.

A

Vestigial structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What parts of Figure 7-6 are in a prokaryotic cell?

A

D and M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which structure in Figure 7-6 is responsible for chemical reactions?

A

L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which structure in Figure 7-6 is the cell control center?

A

I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which structure in Figure in 7-6 maintains homeostasis?

A

D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which structure in Figure 7-6 sorts and transports?

A

G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Scientists publish the details of important experiments so that

1) _________________________________.
2) _________________________________.
3) __________________________________.

A

1) their experimental procedures can be reviewed.
2) others can try to reproduce the results.
3) their work can be repeated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Desperation of homologues occur during ______________________.

A

Meiosis I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The average individuals of a population are favored in _______________ selection.

A

Stabilizing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The base-pairing rules state that the following are base pairs in DNA:

A

Adenine - thymine

Guanine - cytosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

In plant cells, cytokenesis occurs when _____________________________.

A

A cell wall forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

In taxonomy, a group at any level of organization is referred to as a _________.

A

Taxon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

In which cell cycle(s) does viral DNA become inter grated into the host cell’s DNA?

A

Lysogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

In which of the following organelles is a cell’s ATP produced?

A

Mitochondrion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

At the end of the electron transport chain,

1) the electrons build up inside the mitochondria & diffuse back into the thylakoid.
2) the electrons are used in the formation of ethyl alcohol.
3) the electrons combine with oxygen and protons to form water.

A

NONE OF THE ABOVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Atoms are composed of:

1) electrons with a negative charge.
2) neutrons with no charge.
3) protons with a positive charge.
4) all of the above

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

________________ _________________ allow certain species to survive harsh environmental conditions.

A

Bacterial endoscopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Bacteriophages infect ___________

_________.

A

Bacteria only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Because Carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level, ________________________________________________________________________.

A

It can react with up to four other atoms to form covalent bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

_____________________ is the process by which bacteria reproduce.

A

Binary Fission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

By the end of prophase, each of the following has occurred except ___________________________________.

A

Lining up of the chromosomes in the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons is called a ____________________________.

A

Covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

How many chromosomes are in the body cells of an organism that has a haploid number of 8?

A

16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

In __________________ selection, individuals with both extreme forms of a trait are at a selective advantage.

A

Disruptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

In cellular respiration, the most energy is transferred during ___________________________________.

A

the electron transport chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

A trait controlled by four alleles is said to have ______________________.

A

Multiple alleles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

A typical virus consists of _________

__________________________________.

A

A protein coat and a nucleic acid core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

1) is formed from the breakdown of pyruvic acid.
2) can be used in synthesis of needed molecules.
3) enters the KREBS CYCLE.

A

Acetyl coenzyme A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Acidic solutions have a pH that is _______________________.

A

Less than 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Active transport is the movement of molecules from ________________
___________________________________.

A

An area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

All organic compounds contain the element ________________.

A

Carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Amino acids are monomers of

____________.

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called a(n) __________.

A

Ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

A prophage is made of ____________

_____.

A

viral DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

A protein disk that attaches 2 chromatids to each other in a chromosome is called a _____________________.

A

Centromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

The concentration of dissolved substances outside the cell is higher that the concentration inside the cell wall.

A

Hypertonic solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.

A

Osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

The concentration of dissolved substances in the solution is the same as the concentration of dissolved substances inside the cell.

A

Isotonic solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration.

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

A segment of DNA that controls the production of a protein.

A

Gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Duplicate halves of a chromosome.

A

Chromatids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Release of wastes or cell products from inside to outside a cell.

A

Exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

The passing of characteristics from parents to offspring.

A

Heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Darwin began to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after ____________________.

A

Observations of many species and their geological locations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Darwin drew ideas for his theory from observations for organisms on _________________________________
________________.

A

the Galápagos Islands

72
Q

The type of cell division that produces gametes.

A

Meiosis

73
Q

Darwin was prompted to publish his theory of evolution by _________
_________________________.

A

An essay by Wallace on evolution.

74
Q

Darwins’a theory of evolution is based on the idea(s) of ___________
___________________________________.

A

Natural variation and natural selection

75
Q

Diffusion takes place ____________
____________________________________
_______________________.

A

from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

76
Q

Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?

A

Within the thylakoid membranes

77
Q

Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?

A

Active transport

78
Q

Animals store glucose in the form of _________________.

A

Glycogen

79
Q

The Calvin Cycle takes place in the ______________________.

A

Stroma

80
Q

The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called _________________________.

A

Cell division

81
Q

Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections because ___________
____________________________________________________________.

A

Antibiotics interfere with cellular processes that viruses do not perform.

82
Q

Which of the following is not a part of cellular respiration

A

The Calvin Cycle

83
Q

Populations of the same species living in different places __________
____________________________________________________________________________________.

A

Become increasingly different as each population becomes adapted to its own environment.

84
Q

The alleles present for a trait are the same

A

Homozygous

85
Q

A cross involving two different traits.

A

Dihybrid

86
Q

The cell produced when a male gamete fuses with a female gamete.

A

Zygote

87
Q

The uniting of the male and denial gametes.

A

Fertilization

88
Q

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

A

Crossing over

89
Q

A cell that contains one member of each chromosome pair.

A

Haploid

90
Q

___________________ selection favors one extreme of a trait in a population.

A

Directional

91
Q

What other cell structure that is not found in all eukaryotic cells is likely to be found in a plant cell?

A

Cell wall

92
Q

A diploid cell is one that:

A

1) is designated by the symbol 2n
2) has chromosomes found in pairs.
3) has two homologues of each chromosome.

93
Q

A female guinea pig homozygous dominant for black fur is mated with a male homozygous for white fur color. In a litter of eight offspring there would probably be _________________________.

A

8 Black guinea pigs

94
Q

A green pigment that traps energy from sunlight is ________________.

A

Chlorophyll

95
Q

A nucleotide consists of __________

___________________________________.

A

A sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

96
Q

A particularly active cell might contain large numbers of ____________________.

A

Mitochondria

97
Q

Which of the following are shown in a karyotype?

1) homologous chromosomes
2) sexy chromosomes
3) autosomes

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

98
Q

Which of the following comparisons is incorrect?

PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES

A

Chloroplasts

Mitochondria

99
Q

Which of the following contains only RNA?

A

A viroid

100
Q

Which of the following equations best represents photosynthesis?

A

6 CO2 +6 H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

101
Q

Which of the following is determined by multiple alleles?

A

ABO blood group

102
Q

Proteins are made on the _________

_________________.

A

Ribosomes

103
Q

During which stage so the centromeres divide?

A

1

104
Q

Mitosis begins with stage _______.

A

4

105
Q

Molecules like molecule 2 are found in

   O  H  H H  H  H  H  H  H H  H
    |   |   |   |    |    |   |   |   |   |   | HO-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C
    |   |   |   |   |    |   |   |   |   |   |
   H  H  H H H  H  H  H  H H H
A

Lipids

106
Q

Th cell in diagram 1 is in __________________.

A

Anaphase

107
Q

The cell shown in Diagram 5 is in ____________________.

A

Telophase

108
Q

Which of the following correctly indicates the order in which mitosis occurs?

A

3,2,1,4

109
Q

Ribosomes are made by the _________________.

A

Nucleolus

110
Q

Ridding the cell of material by discharging it from sacs at the cell surface is called _________________.

A

Exocytosis

111
Q

Scientist is assign each kind of organism a universally accepted name in the system known as _____________________________________.

A

Binomial nomenclature

112
Q

Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?

A

The cell grows during the G2 phase.

113
Q

A testable explanation for a question or problem is a(n) _______________________.

A

Hypothesis

114
Q

Which of the following is not characteristic of facilitated diffusion?

A

It moves substances against concentration gradient.

115
Q

Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?

A

Bacteria

116
Q

Molecules that are too large to be moved through the membrane can be transported into the cell by _______________________.

A

Endocytosis

117
Q

Nucleic acids include ________ and ___________.

A

DNA, RNA

118
Q

One scientist who attempted to explain how rock later form and change over time was _______________________________.

A

James Hutton

119
Q

Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the foods they eat are called _______________________.

A

Heterotrophs

120
Q

Lamarck proposed that organisms ______________________________________________________________.

A

Have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection.

121
Q

Placing a plant into a hypertonic environment will __________________
________________________________.

A

Cause turgor pressure to decrease.

122
Q

Lamarck’s theory of evolution includes the concept that new organs in a species appear as a result of ___________________________________________.

A

The actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures.

123
Q

Leaves appear green because the green portion of the light that strikes them is ________________.

A

Reflected

124
Q

Lipids are _________________________.

A

Nonpolar molecules

125
Q

Long chains of amino acids are found in _________________________.

A

Proteins

126
Q

Messenger RNA is formed in the process of ___________________.

A

Transcription

127
Q

The sum of all chemical activities of an organism.

A

Metabolism

128
Q

Mitosis is the process by which

___________________________________.

A

A cell’s nucleus divides

129
Q

An organism that has inherited two of the same alleles of a gene from its parents is called ___________________.

A

Homozygous

130
Q

Polysaccharides are ___________________.

A

Carbohydrates

131
Q

Molecules that are too large to be moved across a cell membrane can be removed from the cell by ___________________.

A

Exocytosis

132
Q

The capsid of a virus is the __________________________________.

A

Protective outer coat

133
Q

The chromosome of a bacterium

________________________________.

A

Has a circular shape

134
Q

The correct order of the biological hierarchy from kingdom to species is __________________________________.

A 
Kindgom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
135
Q

The difference between a monohybrid cross and a dihybrid cross is that _______________________
_____________________________________.

A

Monohybrid crosses involve one trait; dihybrid crosses involve two traits.

136
Q

The Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis

1) requires ATP and NADPH
2) can occur in both light and dark conditions.
3) generates glucose.

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

137
Q

The name of the process that takes place when organic compounds are broken down in the absence of oxygen is ________________.

A

Fermentation

138
Q

What are the products of the light dependent reactions?

A

1) oxygen gas
2) NADPH
3) ATP

139
Q

What is a product of the Calvin Cycle?

A

High energy sugars

140
Q

The organelles associated with photosynthesis are the ________________.

A

Chloroplasts

141
Q

What is the expected genotypic ratio resulting from a heterozygous-heterozygous monohybrid cross?

A

1:2:1

142
Q

The packaging and distribution center of the cell is the _____________________.

A

Golgi apparatus

143
Q

What is the movement of genes into and out of a gene pool called?

A

Gene flow

144
Q

The part of an experiment in which all conditions are kept the same is the _______________________.

A

Control

145
Q

The part of an experiment that is being manipulated is the __________
_____________________.

A

Independent variable

146
Q

The part of the experiment that is being measured is the ____________
___________________.

A

Dependent variable

147
Q

The phase of mitosis that is characterized by the arrangement of all chromosomes along the equator of the cell is called _______________.

A

Metaphase

148
Q

The phenotype of an organism

____________________________________________________________.

A

Reflects all the traits that actually expressed.

149
Q

What type of bonds help to build proteins?

A

Peptide bonds

150
Q

When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is ________________________.

A

Artificial selection

151
Q

When an area of a chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, ___________________ occurs.

A

Crossing over

152
Q

When enough experimental data supports a hypothesis, the hypothesis becomes a(n) ________________.

A

Theory

153
Q

When glycolysis occurs, _________
___________.

1) some ATP is produced
2) a molecule of glucose is split.
3) two molecules of pyruvic acid are made.

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

154
Q

Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT true?

A

All enzymes work inside cells.

155
Q

The process by which a population becomes better suited to its environment is known as _______________________.

A

Adaptation

156
Q

The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called ____________________________.

A

Osmosis

157
Q

The roll of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is to ______________
___________________________________.

A

Absorb light energy

158
Q

The science of classifying living things is called ___________________.

A

Taxonomy

159
Q

The smallest units that can carry on all the functions of life are called __________________.

A

Cells

160
Q

The steps commonly used by scientists in gathering information to test hypotheses and solve problems are called ______________________.

A

Scientific methods

161
Q

The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called the ___________________.

A

Plasma membrane

162
Q

The sun is considered the ultimate source of energy for life on Earth because __________________________
____________________________________.

A

Either photosynthetic organisms or organisms that have eaten them provide energy for all other organisms on Earth.

163
Q

The three particles that make up atoms are _________________________.

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

164
Q

The two main types of fermentation are called ___________________________________.

A

Alcoholic and lactic acid

165
Q

The type of inheritance shown when a red-flowering plant is crossed with a white-flowering plant and only pink-flowering plants are produced is ______________________________.

A

Incomplete dominance

166
Q

The various enzymes in our bodies are ______________________.

A

Proteins

167
Q

The work of Schleiden and Schwann can be summarize by saying that ________________________
____________________________________.

A

All plants and animals are made of cells.

168
Q

Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic viruses do not ___________________
_________________________.

A

Lyse the host cell right away

169
Q

Unlike viruses, prions ____________

_________________________.

A

Are composed only of protein

170
Q

Variation in human skin color is an example of _______________________.

A

Polygenic traits

171
Q

Viruses are considered non-living because ________________.

A

1) they can not reproduce by themselves.
2) they are not made up of cells.
3) the cannot carry out metabolism by themselves.

172
Q

Water is a polar molecule because

______________________________________________________________.

A

Different parts of the molecule have slightly different charges.

173
Q

Water is the end product of ___________________________________.

A

The electron transport chain

174
Q

Water molecules are polar, with the ________________________________
___________________________________.

A

Oxygen side being slightly negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive.

175
Q

Water moves into a cell places in a(n) __________________ solution.

A

Hypotonic

Biology 103 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions