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Bio Halmi > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

how do hydrogen bonds form

A

polarity of water

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2
Q

substances that are attracted and bond with water

A

hydrophilic

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3
Q

the property of water that allows leaves to float on ponds in the fall

A

cohesion

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4
Q

what does the water in a lake provide for the organisms below when it freezes

A

insulation

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5
Q

what happens to water when a lake freezes

A

it floats

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6
Q

what are the four most common elements in living things

A

Carbon
nitrogen
hydrogen
oxygen

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7
Q

The bonds that form between water molecules

A

hydrogen bonds

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8
Q

reaction which polymers break down

A

hydrolysis

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9
Q

list the 4 molecules of life

A

lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
carbohydrates

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10
Q

forms large, complex, diverse molecules

A

Carbon

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11
Q

why do individuals differ in appearances and physical makeup

A

the sequence of dna’s nucleotides

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12
Q

after DNA replication, the two dna molecules that are made are …

A

identical to eachother

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13
Q

oxygen end of a water molecule charge

A

negative

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14
Q

hydrogen end of a water molecules charge

A

slightly positive

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15
Q

occurs when more DNA is made

A

DNA replication

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16
Q

when DNA is copied on to RNA

A

transcription

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17
Q

when RNA is “read” to make proteins

A

translation

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18
Q

when a functional protein is still created

A

silent mutation

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19
Q

determines the movement of the molecules across a semi-permeable membrane

A

concentration gradient

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20
Q

the forms of energy entering and leaving cellular respiration

A

chemical/ chemical

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21
Q

differ in their arrangement of atoms

A

isomers

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22
Q

what does RNA contain and what does it not contain

A

contains uracil

does not contain DNA

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23
Q

can cause enzymes to lose their shape as its outside their optimum range

A

PH changes

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24
Q

can cause an enzymes shape to change and no longer catalyze reactions

A

high temperatures

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25
Q

why are enzymes called catalysts

A

they speed up reactions without being consumed

26
Q

have a specific shape to complement/ match the structure of their substrate

A

enzymes

27
Q

what do all cell types have the ability to store

A

hereditary information

28
Q

what do all cells contain

A

cytoplasm
DNA
ribosomes
cell membrane

29
Q

what is a human being

A

a eukaryotic, multicellular organism

30
Q

molecules, such as a solution, will move through a membrane until there is what on both sides

A

equal concentrations

31
Q

the transport of molecules to areas of higher concentrations require energy in what form

A

ATP

32
Q

the plasma membrane allows what to exit the cell

A

waste

33
Q

the plasma membrane allows what to enter the cell

A

chemicals

34
Q

what does the cell membrane regulate

A

the movement of water

35
Q

the range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way it survives

A

organisms niche

36
Q

sunlight, precipitation, and soil

A

abiotic factors

37
Q

species make up populations, which make up …

A

communities

38
Q

the beginning of any food chain

A

primary producers

39
Q

what does a climax community typically consist of

A

trees

40
Q

the forms of energy entering and leaving photosynthesis

A

light/ chemical

41
Q

if there were fewer plants to carry out photosynthesis, what would there be an increase in

A

CO2

42
Q

reactants of cellular respiration

A

oxygen and glucose

43
Q

similar structures due to common ancestry

A

homologous structures

44
Q

similar structures due to common environmental pressures

A

analogous structures

45
Q

what is the only thing that has exactly the same DNA, allowing fingerprinting to be very reliable

A

identical twins

46
Q

responsible for adding new alleles to the gene pool

A

mutations

47
Q

made of DNA and protein

A

chromosome

48
Q

contains many genes

A

chromosomes

49
Q

a variation of a gene that can be expressed physically

A

allele

50
Q

a homozygous tall plant and heterozygous tall plant have the same phenotype but different…

A

genotype

51
Q

a process that produces identical cells

A

mitosis

52
Q

produces gametes and occurs in reproductive organs

A

meiosis

53
Q

transports proteins that will be excreted by the cell

A

rough e.r.

54
Q

keep their DNA in the cytoplasm

A

prokaryotic cells

55
Q

store DNA in their nucleus

A

eukaryotic cells

56
Q

list the organelles that are found in plants but not animals

A

cell wall
chloroplast
large central vacuole

57
Q

the kingdom of multicellular autotrophs

A

plantae

58
Q

increases the chances of two recessive alleles being together

A

interbreeding

59
Q

crossing two different species

A

hybridization

60
Q

organisms that have had their gene/ DNA manipulated

A

GMOs

61
Q

what do all organisms have a need for

A

energy

62
Q

the property of water which causes it to stick together

A

cohesion

Bio Halmi (2 decks)

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