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Abnormal > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Theory that schizophrenia causes victims from higher social levels to fall to lower social levels and remain there (accounting for the SES disparity of schizophrenia)

A

downward drift theory

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2
Q

what is it called when schizophrenics rhyme

A

clang

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3
Q

what is it called when schizophrenics make up their own words

A

neologism

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4
Q

what is it called when schizophrenics repeat their words and statements again and again

A

perseveration

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5
Q

what type of schizophrenia is dominated by positive symptoms

A

Type I

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6
Q

what type of schizophrenia is dominated by negative symptoms

A

Type II

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7
Q

Some parents repeatedly communicate pairs of mutually contradictory messages that place the child in so-called _______ situations; the child cannot avoid displeasing the parents because nothing the child does is right
people think this causes schizophrenia in attempt to deal with these situations
messages typically consist of a “primary” verbal communication and an accompanying contradictory nonverbal “metacommunication”
a child repeatedly exposed to these communications will adopt a special strategy for coping with them and may progress toward paranoid schizophrenia

A

Double-bind

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8
Q

therapy- The premise is that institutions can help patients make clinical progress by creating a social climate (“milieu”) that promotes productive activity, self-respect, and individual responsibility

A

milieu therapy

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9
Q

used to change behavior of institutionalized individuals. Patients are rewarded when they behave in socially acceptable ways and are not rewarded when they behave unacceptably
Immediate rewards are tokens that can later be exchanged for food, cigarettes, privileges, and other desirable objects
Acceptable behaviors likely to be targeted include care for oneself and one’s possessions, going to a work program, speaking normally, following ward rules, and showing self-control

A

the token economy

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10
Q

first antipsychotic used in the fifties- what drug class

A

chlorpromazine (Thorazine) was a phenothiazine

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11
Q

antipsychotics more completely/more quickly reduce positive or negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

positive

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12
Q

how to relieve parkinsonian side effects of antipsychotic medication

A

In most cases, the symptoms can be reversed if an anti-Parkinsonian drug is taken along with the antipsychotic

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13
Q

upside of newer “atypical” antipsychotic drugs

A

appear more effective than conventional antipsychotics, especially for negative symptoms. cause few extrapyramidal (parkinsonian) side effects, less likely to cause tardive dyskinesia

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14
Q

internalizing childhood disorders

A

anxiety- separation anxiety, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder (now accepted that it exists in kids), disruptive mood regulation disorder

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15
Q

Childhood disorder that is characterized by such symptoms as headaches, stomach pain, irritability, and a disinterest in toys and games

A

major depressive disorder. suicidal thoughts and attempts are particularly common in teenagers. the actual disorder is also more common in teenagers than kids

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16
Q

to correct for overuse of bipolar diagnosis in kiddos- this term was invented. describes children with severe patterns of rage, persistent irritability and extreme behavioral dyscontrol

A

DMDD disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

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17
Q

externalizing disorders in kiddos

A

oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, ADHD, elimination disorder

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18
Q

kiddos with _____are argumentative and defiant, angry and irritable, and, in some cases, vindictive

A

oppositional defiant disorder

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19
Q

kiddos with ______ repeatedly violate the basic rights of others
They are often aggressive and may be physically cruel to people and animals
Many steal from, threaten, or harm their victims, committing such crimes as shoplifting, forgery, mugging, and armed robbery

A

conduct disorder

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20
Q

The tendency to interpret the behavior of others, across situations, as threatening, aggressive, or both. People who exhibit _____ think that ambiguous behavior of others is hostile and often directed toward them, while those who do not exhibit ___ interpret the behavior in a nonhostile, nonthreatening way

A

Hostile attribution bias- HAB

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21
Q

Most significant predictor of later child problems is……

A

LOW PARENT MONITORING OF CHILD BEHAVIOR AND LOW PARENT-CHILD WARMTH

22
Q

who is more likely to be assessed for ADHD a white kid or a mexican kid, if they are both diagnosed, who is more likely to receive treatment

A

White kid every time

23
Q

two groups of long term disorders that emerge during childhood and are likely to continue unchanged throughout a person’s life

A

autism spectrum disorder and intellectual development disorder

24
Q 
iq ranges for the four levels of intellectual developmental disorder 
Mild (IQ between )
Moderate (IQ between )
Severe (IQ between )
Profound (IQ below )
A

mild 50-70 (80-85% of patients)
moderate 35-49 (10% patients)
severe 20-34 (3-4% of patients)
profound below 20 (1-2% patients)

25
Q

primary causes of mild IDD are biological or environmental

A

environmental

26
Q

Primary causes of moderate-profound IDD are biological or environmental

A

biological (Down syndrome)

27
Q

personality ppt slide 6

A

yes

28
Q

odd personality disorder cluster- three disorders

A

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

29
Q

what personality disorder- untrusting of others, cold and distant
They are critical of weakness and fault in others, particularly at work
They are unable to recognize their own mistakes and are extremely sensitive to criticism
They often blame others for the things that go wrong in their lives and they repeatedly bear grudges

A

paranoid personality disorder

30
Q

This disorder is characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and limited emotional expression
People with this disorder do not have close ties with other people; they genuinely prefer to be alone
People with this personality disorder focus mainly on themselves and are often seen as flat, cold, humorless, or dull

A

schizoid personality disorder

31
Q

This disorder is characterized by a range of interpersonal problems, marked by extreme discomfort in close relationships, odd (even bizarre) ways of thinking, and behavioral eccentricities
These symptoms may include ideas of reference (things that happen are all connected to you in some way) and/or bodily illusions
People with the disorder often have great difficulty keeping their attention focused; conversation is typically digressive and vague, even sprinkled with loose associations
They tend to drift aimlessly and lead an idle, unproductive life, choosing undemanding jobs in which they are not required to interact with other people

A

schizotypal personality disorder

32
Q

The cluster of “dramatic” personality disorders includes (4)

A

antisocial personality disorder, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

33
Q

People with this disorder display great instability, including major shifts in mood, an unstable self-image, and impulsivity
Interpersonal relationships are also unstable

prone to bouts of anger, which sometimes result in physical aggression and violence
Just as often, however, they direct their impulsive anger inward and harm themselves

People with the disorder frequently form intense conflict-ridden relationships while struggling with recurrent fears of impending abandonment

A

borderline personality disorder

34
Q

extremely emotional and continually seek to be the center of attention
They often engage in attention-getting behaviors and are always “on stage”
Approval and praise are the lifeblood of these individuals

are often described as vain, self-centered, and demanding
Some make suicide gestures/attempts, often to manipulate others

A

histrionic personality disorder

35
Q

The cluster of “anxious” personality disorders includes (3):

A

avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder

36
Q

very uncomfortable and inhibited in social situations, overwhelmed by feelings of inadequacy, and extremely sensitive to negative evaluation
They believe themselves unappealing or inferior and often have few close friends

fear of humiliation and low self-confidence
A key difference is that people with social anxiety disorder mainly fear social circumstances, while people with _______ tend to fear close social relationships

A

avoidant personality disorder

37
Q

have a pervasive, excessive need to be taken care of
As a result, they are clinging and obedient, fearing separation from their loved ones
They rely on others so much that they cannot make the smallest decision for themselves
The central feature of the disorder is a difficulty with separation

Many people with this disorder feel distressed, lonely, and sad
Often they dislike themselves
They are at risk for depression, anxiety, and eating disorders and may be especially prone to suicidal thoughts

A

dependent personality disorder

38
Q

an acute, major disturbance in attention and orientation to the environment
As a person’s focus becomes less clear, he or she has great difficulty concentrating and thinking in an organized way
This leads to misinterpretations, illusions, and, on occasion, hallucinations
happens within minutes to hours to days

A

delirium

39
Q

sphere-shaped deposits of a small molecule known as the beta-amyloid protein that form in the spaces between cells in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and certain other brain regions and blood vessels- alzheimers

A

senile plaques. alzheimers

40
Q

twisted protein fibers found within the cells of the hippocampus
-alzheimers

A

neurofibrillary tangles

41
Q

Researchers have found that this form of Alzheimer’s disease can be caused by abnormalities in the genes responsible for the production of two proteins
Apparently some families transmit these mutations and the onset of the disease is set into motion

A

early onset (familial) alzheimers

42
Q

This form of the disease appears to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors
The genetic factor at play in ______ Alzheimer’s Disease is different from the ones involved in familial Alzheimer’s disease

A

sporadic/late-onset alzheimers

43
Q

drugs prescribed for alzheimers affect

A

ach and glutamate

44
Q

what legal insanity test stated that experiencing a mental disorder at the time of a crime did not by itself mean that the person was insane; the defendant also had to be unable to know right from wrong

A

M’Naghten

45
Q

what legal insanity test emphasized the inability to control one’s actions (“fit of passion” defense)

A

irresistible impulse test

46
Q

what legal insanity test said that People were not criminally responsible if their “unlawful act was the product of mental disease or defect”

A

Durham test

47
Q

what test combined m’naghten, irresistible impulse and durham tests in 1955 to hold that people are not criminally responsible if at the time of the crime they had a mental disorder or defect that prevented them from knowing right or wrong OR from being able to control themselves and to follow the law

A

American Law Institute test

48
Q

what insanity test is used in all federal courts and in about half of state courts today

A

M’Naghten. American Law Institute test is used in all others

49
Q

somebody being involuntarily committed to receive psychiatric help often by a family member- what is this called

1979: minimum standard of proof required:
Must be “clear and convincing” proof of illness and of meeting the state’s criteria for commitment

a judgment of dangerousness is often required

A

civil commitment

50
Q

abnormal law ppt slide 23 24

A

yep

Abnormal (3 decks)

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