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SU19: Eva Science > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: EBD takes a patient centered approach.

A

True

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2
Q

EBD is based on which three components?

A
  1. The best available evidence
  2. Dentist’s clinical skill and judgement
  3. Patient’s needs and preferences
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3
Q

T/F: EBD will tell practitioners what they should or should not do.

A

False

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4
Q

T/F: EBD is the standard of care.

A

False

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5
Q

T/F: EBD guarantees making better decisions in the provision of dental care.

A

False

It can facilitate but does not guarantee

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6
Q

What are the steps to EBD?

A
  1. Formulate question
  2. Find best evidence
  3. Review evidence
  4. Integrate with clinical expertise
  5. Evaluate for improvement
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7
Q

What is PICO?

A

PICO is a way to ask a good research question

Population/Patient type
Intervention
Comparison (control)
Outcome

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8
Q

What is at the top of the evidence pyramid?

A

Systematic reviews followed by randomized controlled double blind studies

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9
Q

T/F: Cohort studies are higher evidence than case control studies.

A

True

Systematic review
Rand cont double blind
Cohort
Case control

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10
Q

____________ is the study of distribution of disease and determinants of disease frequency in populations.

A

Epidemiology

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11
Q

What is the difference between a risk factor and a cause?

A

RF = multiple things that can cause disease, if you remove one it may reduce risk but not eliminate disease

Cause = take it away and the person will not get the disease

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12
Q

_________ is the usual occurrence of disease in a given population.

A

Endemic

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13
Q

_________ is a meaningful increase in the occurrence of a disease in a given population.

A

Epidemic

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14
Q

__________ is the spread of a disease across a large region or worldwide.

A

Pandemic

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15
Q

__________ variable is used when you have an interest in the exposure. _______ variable is used when you have an interest in the outcome.

A

Independent; dependent

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16
Q

What are the criteria for assessing causality?

A
  1. Strong association
  2. Dose-response relationship
  3. Temporal sequence
  4. Biologic credibility
  5. Consistency of findings
17
Q

What are the four scales to quantify epidemiology?

A
  1. Nominal - uses names
  2. Ordinal - based on severity (best, better, worst)
  3. Interval - mathematical order but no true zero
  4. Ratio - mathematical order and has defined zero
18
Q

What is the equation for prevalence?

A

cases/# persons in population

All at a specific time

19
Q

What is the equation for incidence rate?

A

new cases/population at risk

All over a time period

20
Q

T/F: Prevelance is a rate.

A

False

Prevalence is not a rate.
Incidence is a rate.

21
Q

What are some types of observational studies?

A

Cohort, case control, cross-sectional

22
Q

In a ____________ study subjects are selected based on their exposure status.

A

Cohort

23
Q

Which types of studies are good for assessing rare exposures and rapidly fatal disease?

A

Cohort

24
Q

T/F: Cohort studies are good for rare exposures, but are inefficient for rare diseases.

A

True

25
Q

____________ studies choose subjects based on their disease status.

A

Case-control

26
Q

__________ studies are efficient for rare disease because they choose subjects based on disease state and look backwards.

A

Case-control

27
Q

T/F: Cohort studies can compute incidence. Case-control studies can not.

A

True

28
Q

___________ select patients based on neither exposure or disease status.

A

Cross-sectional

Takes a snapshot in time of a given population

29
Q

What is the difference between a systematic review and a meta-analysis?

A

Meta-analysis has more guidelines for choosing literature involved.

Systematic reviews use all literature.

30
Q

How do you limit a search to a phrase rather than words?

A

Use quotation marks

Tooth brush vs “tooth brush”

31
Q

What is the difference between discrete and continuous data?

A

Continuous is where all numbers are possible.

Discrete is where there are only certain possible values.

32
Q

What is an r value?

A

R is a correlation coefficient and tells how close the relationship between two variables is.

The higher the r^2 value the closer the relationship

33
Q

What are the different types of inference errors?

A

Type I: rejecting null hypothesis that is actually true

Type II: failing to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false

34
Q

T/F: T tests compare outcomes between different groups.

A

True

35
Q

Which statistical analysis uses the F-statistic?

A

ANOVA

36
Q

___________ is a bias that can leas us to conclude a causal relationship when there is none or vice versa.

A

Confounding

SU19: Eva Science (1 decks)

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