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Oral Biology II COPY > Final Cramming - Bracken > Flashcards

Final Cramming - Bracken Flashcards

1
Q

BMP is a critical growth factor in ________ development

A

craniofacial

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2
Q 
What do each of these genes control?
Hox
Msx
Dlx
SHH
A

Hox - body axis patterning and segmenting
Msx - cellular differentiation and proliferation
Dlx - branchial arches and limb development
Shh - early induction of facial primordium

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3
Q

neurectoderm progenitors express what cell adhesion molecules?
skin ectoderm?

A

N-CAM

L- CAM

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4
Q

the first week after conception before the zygote is embedded in the uterus is called what?

A

preimplantation period

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5
Q

during what weeks is the embryonic period?

A

2-8 weeks

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6
Q

patterning happens during what period?

A

embryonic period

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7
Q

axial specification, segmentation, tissue ang organ specialization, development of dentition, all occur during what period?

A

embryonic

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8
Q

grastrulation takes place at about week…

A

3

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9
Q

in the bilaminar germ disc, the dorsal layer is called what? and the ventral layer?

A

epiblast

hypoblast

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10
Q

What is the word for primitive mouth?

A

stomodeum

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11
Q

What are the different fates of the different parts of the mesoderm?
paraxial
intermediate
lateral plates

A

Paraxial - cartilage, segmented muscle

intermediate: kidneys and gonads

Later plate - heart and gut

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12
Q

The neural crest develops from the neuroectoderm during week ______

A

three

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13
Q

the Calvaria, skull cap, is created via what process? what is its other name?

A

created via intramembranous ossification

aka the desmocranium

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14
Q

The cranial base is also called what? and how is it formed? and what special cells help form it?

A

aka Chondrocranium
formed via endochondral bone ossification
primarily from neural crest cells

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15
Q

The condesned mesenchym forms a bilayer membrane that encapsulates the developing brain, the two layers are called what and will derive what?

A

the inner layer is the endomeninx which becomes the arachnoid and pia mater
the outer layer which is ectomeninx which becomes the bone and dura mater

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16
Q

Condylar cartilage, coronoid cartilage, and symphyseal cartilage form from what?

A

meckel’s cartilage

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17
Q

The condylar cartilage forms a cone which ossifies through what process?

A

endochondral ossification

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18
Q

What are some important molecules in embryonic development?

A

TGF-B
FGF
Hedgehog
WNT

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19
Q

What is field theory?

A

says that neural crest cells come down and then get influenced by secreted factors that tell them what tooth to become

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20
Q

what is the clone theory of tooth development?

A

the cells come from the neural crest and they come partially programmed already with what tooth they are going to become.

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21
Q

During the lamina and bud stage, what has the inductive influence to make a tooth? What about during the cap and early bell stages?

A

lamina and bud - oral epithelium

cap and early bell stages - dental papilla mesenchyme

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22
Q

Does enamel have collagen?

A

NO collagen!

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23
Q

What elements subsitute for PO4 3- in hydroxyapatite on the inner enamel?

A

carbonate and magnesiumf

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24
Q

What are the rod sheath proteins in enamel? 2 of them

A

ameloblastins and amelogenins

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25
Q

When thinking about enamel, which area is the weakest and thus the area where caries penetrate easiest?

A

protein sheath

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26
Q

what stimulates the ameloblasts to start secreting proteins and forming enamel?

A

the formation of the first pre-dentin by odontoblasts

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27
Q

Initial enamel deposition is only around ____% mineralized?

A

30

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28
Q

T/F Initial enamel in apposition to dentin does not have a rod arrangement, it is uniform

A

True

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29
Q

HOw does Tome’s process work?

A

it forms enamel rodes by forming the interrod enamel first and secreting the proteins that make the rod sheath that will surround the enamel rods when they form.

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30
Q

T/F the outer rods are straighter

A

True

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31
Q

T/F the final enamel formed still has rods in it

A

False - it has no rods

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32
Q

The process by which water and proteins are removed from enamel accompanied by ruffling and smoothing of ameloblasts is called what?

A

modulation

33
Q

Ruffled cell ameloblasts are responsible for what?

A

allowing infiltration of calcium into the enamel crystals and secretion of proteolytic enzymes

34
Q

Ameloblasts that allow for diffusion out of protein fragments out of the enamel which leak in between cells and laterally diffuse through cell layer are called what

A

smooth cell ameloblasts

35
Q

What formes the primary enamel cuticle?

A

the last secretory products of the ameloblasts

36
Q

What makes up the secondary enamel cuticle?

A

the remains of the reduced enamel epithelium merged with the oral epithelium

37
Q

Ameloblasts occlusally are active before ameloblasts cervically. T/F

A

True

38
Q

What are the proteins responsible fore Enamel Deposition?

A

ameloginins
Ameloblastin
Enamelin

39
Q

What is different about the Basal Lamina that Ameloblasts are on?

A

it doesn’t contain Collagen IV like most basal laminas

40
Q

Perikymata are surface manifestations of what?

A

Striae of Retzius

41
Q

where is Gnarled Enamel found?

A

mostly seen around the DEJ and under the cusps/incisal area short distance into enamel

42
Q

What is the purpose of enamel Tufts?

A

provide a bit of ‘give’ in the enamel to help prevent fractures.

43
Q

How far do Enamel Lamellae reach?

A

cracks all the way through the enaml

44
Q

What material makes up enamel spindles?

A

dentin/collagen

45
Q

Secreted during modulation events of enamel maturation, which protein degrades AMELOGENINS? what happens if you don’t have it?

A

enamel matrix serine protease

you get immature enamel if you don’t have it

46
Q

Is dentin harder than bone?

A

yes

47
Q

what kind of collagen is in dentin?

A

I, III, V

48
Q

What are the two reasons that the DEJ is critical?

A

1 - defines the shape of the crown
2 - keeps dentin directly attached to enamel during loading so that there are no shearing forces

*scalloping also prevents shearing

49
Q

What are von korff’s fibers?

A

.1-.2mm collagen III fibrils associated with fibronectin that extend toward the IEE and branch to forme the DEJ with ‘scalloped’ edge

50
Q

tubular dentin laid down subsequent to root formation is called what?

The first dentin formed during development which comprises the mantle dentin and the initial circumpulpal dentin is called what?

A

secondary dentin

primary dentin

51
Q

What are the 3 main structures in dentin?

A

Dentin tubules
Peritubular dentin
Intertubular dentin

52
Q

What are dead tracts?

A

trapped air in empty tubules that have been sealed off after odontoblast death

53
Q

What is the collective term for tubules that have become occluded?

A

sclerotic dentin

54
Q

Sclerotic dentin can occur in 4 different ways. What are they?

A

naturally with age as peritubular dentin is deposited
occur by mineral deposition only
diffuse mineralization around a living OD process
mineralization of the cellular processes and collagen fibers along the inside of the tubule

55
Q

Sclerotic dentin starts forming where in the dentin first?

A

apically, then continues toward the crown with age

56
Q

interglobular dentin is what? where is it most common?

A

areas of hypomineralized dentin formed when the fusion of mineral containing vesicles fails

most common near mantle dentin

57
Q

What are the two most common cell types in the pulp?

A

fibroblasts followed by odontoblasts

58
Q

what type of collagen is in the pulp?

A

mostly type 3

59
Q

Cementoblasts are derived from what?

A

HERS/Follicle cells: ectomesenchymal cells

60
Q

PDL fibroblasts come from what?

A

Follicle cells/Ectomesenchymal cells

61
Q

What types of collagen are in the PDL?

A

1, 3, and 12

62
Q

HOw are PDL fibers attached to cementum or to alveolar bone?

A

through sharpey’s fibers

63
Q

Are the gingival ligaments part of the PDL?

A

no

64
Q

Cementoblasts send processes into predentin early on in development and produce collagen fibers. These fibers are called what?

A

fibrous fringe and they are associated with AEFC formation

65
Q

Which is more resistant to resorption, alveolar bone or cementum?

A

cementum

66
Q

Where is spongy bone found?

A

at the end of long bones in apposition to joints and is associated with the marrow spaces

67
Q

Osteoclasts can be activated by inflammation. What are the chemokines that activate them in that situation?

A

IL-1B and TNF-alpha

68
Q

What are the proteins that are in the cytoplasm adjacent to osteoclasts?

A

talin
actin
vinculin

69
Q

during endochondral ossification, bone matrix surrounds mineralized collagen forming what? which contribute to what big structure?

A

forming mixed spicules which make up Primary spongiosa

70
Q

In intramembranous formation, woven bone is remodeled into mature ________ bone with a collar of _______ bone

A

trabecular

cortical

71
Q

Gingiva is generally keratinized SS but it can also be ________ or _________

A

parakeratinized or even nonkeratinized

72
Q

What is it called when the lamina propria is attached directly to the underlying bone, no submucosa?

A

mucoperiosteum

73
Q

The posterolateral area of the hard palate is either keratinized or what?

A

parakeratinized

74
Q

The dentogingival junction is derived from what?

A

the REE

75
Q

A healthy gingival sulcus should not have what histologically?

A

rete pegs

76
Q

Why do sulcular and juntional epitheliums not keratinize like other epitheliums in the body?

A

because they have CT under them that contains inflammatory cells that prevent keratinization

77
Q

The fibrous cover of the condyle is called the? and is is a layer of mostly avascular type ______ collagen

A

lamina splendens

type I collagen

78
Q

What kind of bacterium cause scrofula?

A

mycobacterium

that is why they call it the “TB of the neck”

Oral Biology II COPY (15 decks)

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