final exam

Question 1

Factors that led to the disenchantment of the western society

Answer 1

-prioritization of modern science

Question 2

Why capitalism or communism could be defined as religions?

Answer 2

• both have strong beliefs about the way the world should be and run.
• people devote their lives to living under the rules of them.
• charismatic leaders (communism-Karl Marx) (the government - capitalism)

Question 3

What is eschatology?

Answer 3

the study of end things.

what happens after death, the afterlife, what happens at the end of human kind, christian heaven and hell

Question 4

Catholic vs Protestant Christians

Answer 4

Catholic - follows the pope, salvation comes primarily from the church (baptism)
protestant - follows the scriptures as gods word lives in them, predestined salvation, no purgatory

Question 5

John Calvin

Answer 5

Protestent reformer.
belived that we are predestined for salvation. (select number of people were predestined to be saved by god), and interperetted christian teachings - which became known as calvinism.

Question 6

Martin Luther

Answer 6

protestant reformer who called out corruption within the catholic church (indulgences) protested by nailing his 95 thesis to a church door

Question 7

5 pillars of Islam

Answer 7

profession of faith (shahada)
daily prayer (salat)
fasting (sawm)
charity (zakat)
pillgramage (hajj)

Question 8

Sufism

Answer 8

islamic mysticism.

brings closeness to allah through personal experiences with god.

Question 9

Jihad

Answer 9

Struggle (with yourself, satan, and greater enemy)

Question 10

Sharia

Answer 10

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- islamic laws to live by. 
- includes 5 pillars 
- halal
- no gambling
- no intoxicants
- no fornication
- no usuary
obligatory, recommended, permitted, discouraged, and forbidden.

Question 11

Atman/Brahman

Answer 11

Atman: essense of the individual, god in the person
Brahman: the universal essense of god

Question 12

Krishna

Answer 12

krishna is a god of protection, compassion, and love. Plays tricks on people.

Question 13

manifestations of shakti

Answer 13

shakti is power, energy, or force.

- ususally feminine energy

Question 14

brahman

brahma

Answer 14

brahman: universal essense of god
brahma: hindu god
brahmin: highest caste teir

Question 15

hindu trimurti

Answer 15

unity of gods: brahma (creator), vishnu (sustainer and preserver), shiva (destroyer)

Question 16

4 yogas of hinduism

Answer 16

Karma, Jnana, bhakana, raji

Question 17

Atman vs Anatman

Answer 17

anatman: no self
atman: person inside, soul or individual spirit of brahman

Question 18

Four noble truths (buddhism)

Answer 18

all life is subject to suffering

Question 19

sunyata

Answer 19

emptiness

Question 20

therevada vs mahayana buddhism

Answer 20

mahayana - achive enlightenment through buddhas teachings

therevada - focusus on the self and the self is responsable for achiving nirvana

Question 21

daoist vs confucionist approach to life

Answer 21

daoist: go with the flow (natural way of things)
confucianist: your responsability to work towards peace

Question 22

Wu Wei

Answer 22

go with the natural flow

Question 23

Confucian virtues

Answer 23

ren (benevolence)
yi (richousness)
li (popriety)
zhi (wisdom)
xin (fidelity)

Question 24

cult

Answer 24

carries derogatory connentations

Question 25

religious nationalism

Answer 25

christian natonalism (capital riot storming)