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bacteriology & myocology > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the factors that allow bacterial infection of the respiratory system to take place?

A

-impaired clearance (chronic airway disease- RAO/asthma)
-overwhelming inocula of pathogens (aspiration)
-Immune status/ nutritional status/stress

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2
Q

What organisms are urease producing?

A

Staphyloccoccus
Proteus spp
Enterbacter spp
Corynebacterium renale

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3
Q

How should you treat prostitis?

A

Few options because of acidic pH of prostatic acini, use only lipophilic/weak bases
-Enrofloxacin
-Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole
-Clindamycin (only for staph/strep)
-Chloramphenicol (if highly suceptible)

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4
Q

What is true about complicated UTI in dogs

A

Complicated UTI are more common than uncomplicated UTI than dogs

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5
Q

What Leptospira serovar is most concerning for cattle?

A

Hardjo

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6
Q

How does leptospirosis pathogenesis occur?

A

organisms replicate in the blood, cause vasculitis in a variety of organs, ultimately reach the kidneys and cause interstitial nephritis with mixed inflammatory cells

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7
Q

Can you culture Leptospirosis?

A

NO

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8
Q

What should you order for culturing cytstitis

A

aerobic culture

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9
Q

What is a common cause of Poll evil and fistulous withers?

A

Brucella abortus

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10
Q

Can Chlamydia cause polyarthritis and conjunctivitis in lambs

A

Yes

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11
Q

What are reservoirs for contagious mastitis pathogens

A

Bedding, gloves, milk parlor, towels

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12
Q

Etiological agent of greasy pig disease

A

Staphylococcus hyicus

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13
Q

What species does Staphylococcus pseudointermedius primarily impact?

A

Primarily opportunistic of dogs

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14
Q

What causes Strawberry footrot

A

Treponema species

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15
Q

What is associated with contagious footrot in sheep?

A

Dichelobacter species

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16
Q

What is associated with noncontagious footrot in sheep?

A

Fusobacterium/ T. pyogenes

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17
Q

What agents are associated with causing bovine footrot

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum
Prevotella spp.
Bacterioides spp
Trueperella pyogenes

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18
Q

What are characteristics of all prokaryotic cells?

A

1) No membrane organelles
2) 70S ribosomes,
3) DNAp resent as a single circular chromosome
4) Replication through binary fission

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19
Q

What are bacteria cell wall made of

A

layer of cross-linked chains on N-acetyl glucosamine and N-acetyl muramic acid monomers
crosslinked by transpeptides and transglycosides

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20
Q

Does sporulation result in death of parent cell

A

YEs

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21
Q

Is sporulation more common in gram negative or gram positive bacteria?

A

Gram positive

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22
Q

Can you stain Mycoplasma?

A

NO

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23
Q

What is used for the phylogenic classification of bacteria?

A

16s rDNA sequence

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24
Q

What is true about MacConkey’s agar?

A

It is selective and differential

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25
Q

What are the targets of beta-lactams?

A

penicillin-binding proteins

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26
Q

What toxins produce a pharmacologically specific effect?

A

Exotoxins

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27
Q

Is endotoxin or exotoxin more heat stable

A

endotoxin

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28
Q

Chloramphenicol has action in what quadrants

A

gram negative and gram positive with activity against facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and obligate anaerobes

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29
Q

Four mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance

A

1) Inactivation of drugs through bacterial enzymes (ex: betalactamases, chloramphenicol acetyl transferase, etc.)
2) Mutations of drug targets
3) Efflux pumps (transmembrane proteins that actively export drug)
4) Preventing access to the cell (ex: porin mutations of transmembrane protein)

30
Q

The minimum inhibitory concentration

A

the lowest concentration of drug in a two-fold dilution series in which there is no visible growth of bacteria

31
Q

Is E. coli an important cause of diarrhea in horses?

A

NO

32
Q

What is the pilli most often associated with ETEC causing disease in calves

A

K99 (F5)

33
Q

What species is associated with F4 (K88) of ETEC

A

Swine

34
Q

Edema disease of swine is caused by infection with

A

STEC

35
Q

how does STEC impact cattle?

A

They show no clinical signs

36
Q

What serotype of Salmonella enterica subsepcies enterica is host-restricted to human beings and NHPs

A

Typhi

37
Q

Salmonella enterocolitis pathogenesis

A

suppurative (neutrophilic) infiltrate and associated prostaglandin release

38
Q

Salmonella laboratory isolation timing and media

A

Multistep process using selective and differential media that takes at least 2 days.

39
Q

Campylobacter bug basics

A

Gram negative, curved rod, nonspore forming, microaerohpile, and darting motility

40
Q

What carrier state is associated with Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Dublin

A

Cattle

41
Q

All Brachyspiras are__________

A

Obligately anaerobic, gram negative spirochetes

42
Q

What is a risk factor for Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infections?

A

The level of fermentable carbohydrates in the pig ration is a risk factor

43
Q

Lawsonia intracellularis is

A

gram negative obligately intracellular organims whose diagnostics are approached using PCR of intestinal scrapings

44
Q

What species has the invasion of M cells as an aspect of pathogenesis

A

Salmonella enterica

45
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica bug basic

A

gram negative facultative anaerobe

46
Q

What is a potential consequence of STEC infection in humans?

A

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

47
Q

What pathogen can you diagnose using a urease test on fresh tissue?

A

Helicobacter species

48
Q

Clostridium perfringens Type C infections

A

-Enterotoxemia
-Rapid acute progression
-Associated with dietary change to more grain and protein
-causes severe disease in neonatal calves, foals, lamb, and piglets
-Can cause disease in humans
-Trypsin inhibition of colostrum is a risk factor

49
Q

What toxinotype is associated with Pulpy Kidney disease?

A

Type D

50
Q

What would make a convincing diagnosis of C. perfringens?

A

Compatabile histopathological lesions plus isolation of the organism in culture

51
Q

What is the causative agent of Tyzzer’s disease

A

Clostridium piliforme

52
Q

What is the causative agent of Braxy (necrotizing abomasitis) in lambs

A

Clostridium septicum and Clostridium sordelli

53
Q

How does Clostridium botulinum toxin (BoNT) cause deficits?

A

by blocking ACh release at the NMJ

54
Q

What causes Blackleg?

A

Clostridium chauvoei

55
Q

What causes Clostridium chavoei spores to germinate

A

when muscle tissues become anoxic

56
Q

How would you manage tetanus in the dog?

A

-administer antimicrobial agents with gram positive, anaerobic spectrum
-Tube feeding
-Administration of tetanus antiserum

57
Q

How is the definitive diagnosis of blackleg achieved?

A

Fluorescent antibody staining of the impacted tissues

58
Q

How do you diagnose Campylobacter diarrhea in a dog?

A

Fecal culture and incubate under micoaerophilic with special campylobacter selective media to inhibit other GI flora

59
Q

Saprophyte

A

a plant, fungus, or microorganism that lives on dead or decaying organic matter.

60
Q

Would a 1st generation or a 3rd generation cephalosporin have better activity against E. Coli?

A

A third generation cephalosporin (like cefpodoxime) would have better activity against E. Coli because it is a gram negative

61
Q

What organisms form sulfur granules in lesion?

A

Actinobacillus lignieresii
Actinomyces species

62
Q

Kerion

A

fungal abscess

63
Q

Pathogenesis of Dermatophilus congolensis

A

Proteases that breakdown keratin leading to rain rot in horses

64
Q

What is the causative agent of Glanders?

A

Burkholderia mallei

65
Q

What organism do you use a Mallein test to diagnose for?

A

Burkholderia mallei

66
Q

Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC)

A

causes hemorrhagic enteritis, hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans

67
Q

How do you treat ETEC?

A

Fluid therapy, bottle feeding +/- antibiotics
prevent with colostrum, cow nutrition, hygiene, husbandry

68
Q

What is the most common cause of E coli diarrhea in farm animals?

A

ETEC

69
Q

Entertoxins of ETEC

A

work to cause fluid loss without inflammation
LT (heat-labile) and STa cause active sec of Cl-, impaired absorption of Na+ water (secretory diarrhea)
Stb (hear stabile toxin) works indirectly though enterendocrine cells to promote secretion of serotnin, vasoactive intestinal peptide

70
Q

STEC/EHEC virulence factors

A

LEE: locus of enterocyte effacement (attaches to host epithelial cells) through gene cluster and type III secretion system

Shigatoxin (inhibit protein synthesis and induce apoptosis)

Hemolysin (aids survival of STEC in intestine

Acid Resistance- enhance in stomach

71
Q

Acute mycoplasma haemofelis

A

fever, pale mucous membranes, lethargy, splenomegalu, icterus

regenerative anemia, hyperbilirubiemia, neutrophilia, moncytosis, lymphoctusos, +/- Coombs postive

bacteriology & myocology (3 decks)

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