final exam 2/3

Question 1

dispersion patterns

Answer 1

clumped =
random =
uniform =

Question 2

are dispersion and dispersal the same thing?

Answer 2

dispersion= is how an organism is distributed in its environment (clumped etc) 
dispersal= how far an individual ends up from where it was born

Question 3

interspecific interactions

Answer 3

Mutualism = both species benefit 
Commensalism = one species benefits and the other is not harmed 
Parasitism = one benefits and the other is harmed

Question 4

how does aposematic coloration work?

Answer 4

the advertising by an animal to potential predators that it is not worth attacking or eating

Question 5

Batesian mimicry

Answer 5

looks like something that is toxic- bright colours but isn’t actually toxic like most bright coloured organisms

Question 6

Mullerian mimicry

Answer 6

all have evolved to look similar because of their toxicity, most toxic things are bright yellow/green

Question 7

Crypsis

Answer 7

camouflage (visual and behavioral)

Question 8

Deimatic display

Answer 8

eyespots on moth wings

Question 9

how do plants protect themselves against herbivores?

Answer 9

Proteinase inhibitors where the plant stops protein from entering the herbivores body- this is detected by taste

Question 10

levels of a food chain

Answer 10

Quaternary consumers
Tertiary consumers
Secondary consumers
Primary consumers
Producers

Question 11

What is succession?

Answer 11

the process that describes how the structure of a biological community changes over time

Question 12

know the different types of succession we talked about.

Answer 12

Primary = initial colonizers in new area (no soil)
Secondary = initial colonizers after disturbance

Question 13

in what ways may disturbance be beneficial to a community or a species?

Answer 13

they provide some fugitive species with opportunities to move into and gain footholds in ecosystems whose biological communities once excluded them

Question 14

why are invasive species such a problem?

Answer 14

An invasive species is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and negatively alters its new environment

Question 15

what makes something a keystone species? how is this definition useful in conservation? ecosystem dynamics

Answer 15

A keystone species is an organism that helps define an entire ecosystem, they are not always the largest or most abundant species in an ecosystem. However, almost all examples of keystone species are animals that have a huge influence on food webs and without them the whole ecosystem is affected

Question 16

survivorship curves- Type 1

Answer 16

older individual, higher likely of death (modern human pop)

Question 17

survivorship curves- Type 2

Answer 17

constant (no age is more likely to die, can die at any age)

Question 18

survivorship curves- Type 3

Answer 18

low survivorship of young, unless you make it to a certain age, then you’re more likely to survive

Question 19

Exponential growth

Answer 19

G=rN
r= intrinsic rate of growth
N= population size 
curve stays that shape unless r is altered
high r= steeper curve
lower r= less steep curve

Question 20

logistic growth

Answer 20

adding K (carrying capacity)
further away we are from reaching carrying capacity, the more it would be exponential growth

Question 20

logistic growth

Answer 20

adding K (carrying capacity)
further away we are from reaching carrying capacity, the more it would be exponential growth

Question 21

in what way is energy flow through an ecosystem cyclical?

Answer 21

Flow of nutrients through an ecosystem is cyclic as the nutrients move from one trophic level to another trophic level all the way up and then back down

Question 22

how does energy enter into an ecosystem?

Answer 22

solar energy

Question 23

how are food chains and food webs related?

Answer 23

A food chain outlines who eats whom. A food web is all of the food chains in an ecosystem. Each organism in an ecosystem occupies a specific trophic level or position in the food chain or web

Question 24

how is species diversity beneficial to a community?

Answer 24

biodiversity provides functioning ecosystems that supply oxygen, clean air and water, pollination of plants, pest control, wastewater treatment and many ecosystem services