Final Exam 2 Flashcards
T/F: Both prospective and retrospective study designs START with the exposure to find the relative risk (RR) of the outcome
True
What is the difference between prospective and retrospective
Both document exposure happening but for prospective the outcome is waited on and the data collection begins fore the outcome while retrospective data collection occurs after the outcome
What is the difference between incidence and prevalence
Incidence: The new cases in any time period represented as a rate/ Prevalence: The burden of a disease (the total number of cases in a population) represented as a proportion
What is the difference between experimental and observational studies
Experimental study designs include interventions and can determine a cause and effect (causality) like a RCT while observational just observe looking for associations between variables (exposure -> outcome)
What are the two observational study designs and what are the categories within them
Analytical: Cohort, Case control
Descriptive: Case series, Case reports
T/F: In a COHORT study data is collected immediately TRIGGERED by an exposure and try to find associations with outcomes
True
What occurs in a prospective cohort study design, pros and cons
Further observations come from monitoring a population going forward in time/ pros: reliable results with the investigator having some control over the design/ cons: expensive and long with selection bias with loss to follow up
What occurs in a retrospective cohort study design, pros and cons
Further observations come from looking into patient histories into find outcomes/ pros: cheaper, shorter and no loss-to-follow up / cons: information bias and recall bias
T/F: In a CASE-CONTROL study data is collected immediately triggered by an outcome and risk factors of the outcome are found
True
T/F: In case-control study attempts to identify the cause of a disease with a retrospective approach with subjects gathered from the same source population with patients with and without the disease, measures odds ratio
True
How are odds ratios interpreted
OR less than 1 means decreased odds, OR greater than 1 means increased odds
T/F: case control studies cannot be associated with outside populations
True
T/F: Cross sectional studies answer what is happening and can be analytical (comparator group) and descriptive (no comparator group) but rarely advises treatment decisions
True
What type observational study are critical for discovering unkwon disease and undocumented effects of medications
Case Reports/Case Series
