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Mental Health Conditions > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

positive symptoms

A

aberrations in behavior or behavior that is not typically present in other individuals such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and disorganized behavior

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2
Q

negative symptoms

A

the absence of typical function, such as flat affect, social withdrawal, and difficulty initiating activity
**have greater impact on functioning

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3
Q

DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia (5)

A
  • must have two of the following
    1. delusions
    2. hallucinations
    3. disorganized speech
    4. disorganized or catatonic behavior
    5. negative symptoms
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4
Q

delusions

A

distortions in thought or false beliefs

nonbizarre and bizarre

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5
Q

hallucinations

A

distortions in perception

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6
Q

subtypes of schizophrenia (5)

A
  1. paranoid
  2. disorganized
  3. catatonic
  4. undifferentiated
  5. residual
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7
Q

psychosocial interventions: schizophrenia (5)

A
  1. illness management and recovery
  2. assertive community treatment
  3. family psychoeducation
  4. supported employment
  5. integrated dual diagnosis treatment
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8
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

involuntary movements, usually of the mouth and tongue

occurs after long-term treatment with antipsychotic medication

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9
Q

How many Americans aged 12 and older use alcohol?

A

125 million people (~1/2 of all Americans)

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10
Q

substance dependence

A

continued use of a substance in the face of major life disruptions, such as losing a job or marital status due to the negative effects of substance abuse

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11
Q

substance abuse

A

substance use that does not reach the level of tolerance or withdrawal, but consistently results in negative consequences, such as arriving home late, missing family events, or having a fight while under the influence

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12
Q

classical conditioning

A

substance use is paired with a person, location, or time of day and develops a conditioned response

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13
Q

operant conditioning

A

substance use is paired with a stimulus such as stress or anger and is reinforced by a perceived calm and lowered emotional state

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14
Q

interventions for substance-related disorders (5)

A
  1. medications
  2. stages of change and harm reduction
  3. contingency management
  4. projectMAINSTREAM
  5. 12-step group participation
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15
Q

medications for substance-related disorders (3)

A
  1. naltrexone (alcohol)
  2. acamprosate (reduces unpleasant symptoms of withdrawal)
  3. disulfiram (inhibits metabolism; makes drinking unpleasant)
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16
Q

stages of change and harm reduction

A

transtheoretical model of change

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17
Q

contingency management

A

intervention strategy that, using the principles of operant conditioning, provides reinforcing consequences for substance-abusing individuals who meet treatment goals

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18
Q

ProjectMAINSTREAM

A

prepares health professionals to address the needs of clients with substance-related disorders in response to goals set forth in Healthy People 2010 (OT is 1 of 15 professions targeted)

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19
Q

12-step group

A

self-help group AA/NA

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20
Q

COD remission

A

person no longer meets DSM-IV criteria for either or both the substance use disorder or the mental health disorder
(absence of distress of COD)

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21
Q

COD recovery

A

occurs when the person works on gaining information and self-awareness, and developing the skills necessary for living chemically free
(more than absence of distress of COD)

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22
Q

COD relapse

A

a normal aspect of recovery and involves a return to active substance use or the return of disabling psychiatric symptoms after a period of remission

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23
Q

COD intervention principles (6)

A
  1. employing a recover perspective
  2. adopting a multiproblem viewpoint
  3. developing a phased approach to treatment
  4. addressing specific, real life problems early in treatment
  5. planning for the client’s cognitive and functional impairments
  6. using support systems to maintain and extend treatment effectiveness
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24
Q

multicultural context

A

refers to a person’s family, community, and the effects of stigma associated with mental illness in society that influences their cultural identity

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25
Q

acculturation

A

the processes that occur when people from different cultural groups have continuous contact, which results in changes in the cultural patterns of either or both groups

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26
Q

culturally and linguistically appropriate services

A

are respectful and responsive to the cultural and linguistic needs of the consumers and their families

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27
Q

ethnicity

A

groups that share a common ancestry

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28
Q

culture-specific expertise

A

requires that the provider possess a strong base of cultural information for all groups, but especially for groups the therapist is likely to treat

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29
Q

dynamic sizing

A

the practitioner’s capacity to ask herself whether what she knows about a person’s cultural group fits the particular individual being treated (ex. Mex-Am vs Mex-Im)

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30
Q

cultural worldview

A

the way in which a person or group looks at the world and their place in it

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31
Q

cultural practices

A

the doing of culture

32
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the universal tendency of humans to appraise ways of thinking, acting, and believing according to their own experience and cultural background

33
Q

cultural formulation outline (5)

A
  1. establish person’s cultural identity
  2. elicit cultural explanations for mental health issues
  3. determine cultural factors related to the person’s psychosocial environment
  4. consider factors that might influence the relationship between counselor and client
  5. make global cultural assessment to determine how cultural considerations will influence mental health care
34
Q

Kawa Model

A

culturally safe model grounded in an East Asian worldview

35
Q

ETHNIC framework

A 
Explanation
Treatment
Healers
Negotiate
Intervention
Collaboration
36
Q

What percent of individuals with mental illness rely on religious coping methods?

A

80%

37
Q

spiritual context

A

actions, ideas, feelings, and beliefs that affect, motivate, and inspire a person’s daily life and relationships

38
Q

spiritual environment

A

the experience of conscious involvement in the project of life integration through self-transcendence toward the ultimate value one perceives

39
Q

personal constitution

A

physical, psychological, and emotional factors that influence an individual’s spiritual context and outlook

40
Q

personal spiritual experience

A

the individual’s own source for spiritual, religious, and mystical experiences, which affects the degree to which the individual participates in spiritual practices and the value he/she places on the spiritual dimension of life

41
Q

sense of self

A

“anthropological view”

the person’s understanding of what it means to be human, the components that constitute the self (eg. body, soul, feelings, mind) and how they perceive the self (eg. lovable/unworthy, good/bad)

42
Q

self-stigmatization

A

the individual accepts that he/she is not welcome in typical occupations that involve interactions with the public

43
Q

Neighborhood disadvantage is associated with more _____ among children.

A

mental health problems

44
Q

neighborhood

A

specifically refers to the area in close vicinity to one’s place of residence

45
Q

community

A

larger area than neighborhood

46
Q

resident mobility

A

the movement of resident in and out of a neighborhood over time (turnover)

47
Q

high resident mobility

A

compromises the development and stability of social networks that could support occupation

48
Q

public stigma

A

discrimination against mental illness in public

can enforce exclusion from relationships, activities, and physical spaces/places that constitute a neighborhood

49
Q

community-based settings

A

OTs have the opportunity to practice directly in the individual’s neighborhood and community environment

50
Q

community-based programs

A

offer individuals access to a range of self-care, productivity, and leisure interventions
capitalizes on the individual’s personal abilities and potentials within communities

51
Q

capacity-building approach for neighborhood assessment (3)

A
  1. identify skills/resources
  2. identify community assets
  3. determine how reciprocal and productive connections can be formed using the capacities of people with mental illness and community assets
52
Q

neighborhood interventions (3)

A
  1. neighborhood regeneration
  2. neighborhood partnerships
  3. peer support (consumer based)
53
Q

supported housing

A

independent housing coupled with the provision of community-based mental health services

54
Q

supportive housing approach

A

began with deinstitutionalization in early 60s, where staff provide case management, support, and/or rehabilitation in a variety of different housing types including halfway houses, group homes, and supervised apartments

55
Q

Occupational Self-Assessment

A

self-report checklist derived from MOHO to identify a person’s perception of the degree of difficulty he/she is experiencing in targeted areas of occupational performance and the importance of those in daily life

56
Q

tools for analyzing occupational performance (6)

A
  1. Allen Cognitive Level Screen
  2. Routine Task Inventory-Expanded
  3. Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS)
  4. Kohlman Evaluation of Living Skills (KELS)
  5. Test of Grocery Shopping Skills (TOGSS)
  6. Assessment of Interpersonal Problem Solving Skills (AIPSS)
57
Q

interventions to support tenancy and community integration (5)

A
  1. building relationships
  2. budgeting
  3. housekeeping
  4. socializing
  5. managing symptoms
58
Q

state hospitals

A

public institutions that provide inpatient services to those with serious mental illness

59
Q

most common disorders in psychiatric facilities (5)

A
  1. schizophrenia
  2. affective disorders
  3. personality disorders
  4. anxiety disorders
  5. other psychoses
60
Q

state hospital treatment team

A

consumer
psychiatrist
RN
social worker

61
Q

services provided by OT in state hospitals (6)

A
  1. performing evaluations and screenings
  2. establishing an intervention
  3. selecting relevant occupations
  4. implementing interventions
  5. modifying the plan as necessary
  6. terminating the intervention when objectives are accomplished
62
Q

types of intervention in state hospitals (4)

A
  1. group intervention
  2. rehabilitation programming
  3. treatment mall approach
  4. sensory approaches
63
Q

involuntary commitment

A

made because there is clear and convincing evidence the person is a danger to self/others and/or because the individual is judged incapable of taking care of his/her basic needs to maintain health and safety

64
Q

emergency hospitalization

A

the state can order a person detained against his/her will for average of 3-5 days while a hearing is convened to evaluate whether there is probable cause to hold the individual

65
Q

involuntary outpatient commitment

A

less restrictive, court-ordered mechanism that requires a consumer to submit ot outpatient services

66
Q

voluntary admissions

A

makes up about 2/3 all MH hospital admissions

individual voluntarily presents for treatment

67
Q

milieu therapy

A

the process of establishing a planned treatment environment where everyday interactions and therapeutic events are designed and integrated in to the institution’s daily routine with the goal of providing consumers with opportunities for socialization and productivity

68
Q

assessments to build occupational profile (10)

A
  1. Occupational Circumstance OCAIRS
  2. Occupational Performance History OPHI-II
  3. COPM
  4. Pediatric Interest PIP
  5. Occupational Self Assessment OSA
  6. MOHO Screening Tool MOHOST
  7. Short Child Occ Prof SCOPE
  8. School Setting Interview
  9. School Function Assesment
  10. Worker Role Inventory
69
Q

assessments that measure performance skills (8)

A
  1. Allen Battery
  2. AMPS
  3. Kitchen Task Assessment
  4. Assessment of Communication ACIS
  5. Sensory Integration and Praxis SIPT
  6. Bruinicks-Oseretsky Test BOT-2
  7. Motor Free Visual MVPT-2
  8. Bay Area Functional Performance BaFPE
70
Q

Revision of Social Security Act

A

provides support for people with mental or physical impairments

71
Q

Rehabilitation Act

A

section 504 is considered the first civil rights legislation for people with disabilities
provides protections in the workplace and authorizes programs associated with vocational rehabilitation

72
Q

Americans with Disabilities Act

A

defines disabilities, prevents discrimination, and requires employers to accommodate individuals with disabilities

73
Q

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

A

protects patients’ right to privacy and health coverage

74
Q

Ticket to Work Act

A

attempts to expand work opportunities for people with disabilities

75
Q

intervention strategies in the workplace

A

encourage integration among the various functions within a workplace such as HR, employee benefits, EAP, disease management, health promotion, safety, occupational health, worker’s comp, disability management, communications, and training

76
Q

How many people experience homelessness in the US each year?

A

3.5 million

77
Q

What percent of the homeless in the US present with psychiatric disabilities?

A

61-91%

Mental Health Conditions (1 decks)

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