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CDIS 4433 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

TBI

A

brain dysfunction that is non degenerative and is caused by an outside force, usually a violent blow to the head, physical cognitive function

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2
Q

Dementia

A

clinical syndrome characterized by deterioration and at least one other cognitive function sever enough to impact activities of daily living

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3
Q

Aphasia

A

language disorders resulting from damage to the brain areas that subserve the formulation and understanding of language and its components (semantic, phonological, morphological and syntactic knowledge)

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4
Q

incidence of aphasia

A

1 in 250 million americans have aphasia

100,00 per year

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5
Q

differential diagnosis

A

defining or identifying the presence or absence of a disorder, type and degree, and in the presence or ansnce of the communication disorders

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6
Q

paraphasia lexical

A

substitution of one word for another, often

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7
Q

phonemic paraphasia

A

substitution of sounds or sound combinations

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8
Q

neologistic

A

substitution of new word with no meaning

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9
Q

mixed paraphasia

A

a lexical type of paraphasia in which the substitution os related to the meaning and by sound

look for book

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10
Q

perseveration

A

inappropriate continuation or recurrence of an earlier response after the task requirement has changed

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11
Q

circumlocution

A

definition of a word by a description or use de to the inability to name of produce specific verbal injury

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12
Q

jargon

A

profusion of utterance, most of which is incomprehensible to listeners

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13
Q

apraxia

A

motor speech disturbance sue to incoordination of movement in the absence of muscle weakness

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14
Q

dysarthria

A

motor speech disorder caused by weakness in the muscles needed for respiration, phonation, articulation and or resonance

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15
Q

agnosia

A

failure to recognize a stimulus in a sensory modality, when the sensory mechanism is intact, no decrease in visual or auditory acuity

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16
Q

alexia

A

reading difficulty

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17
Q

agraphia

A

writing difficulty

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18
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

bleeding wishing cerebral tissues

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19
Q

ischemic

A

blockage

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20
Q

neoplasm

A

tumor

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21
Q

CNS

A

brain,spinal cord, cerebellum, brainstem, white matter

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22
Q

PNS

A

cranial nerves 12 pairs

spinal nerves 31 pairs

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23
Q

PNS contd

A

somatic nervous system- involuntary movement
autonomic- hearts, gland, digestion,
sympathetic-fight or flight
parasympathetic- resting

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24
Q

lobes of the brain

A

frontal
parietal- top
temporal- bottom
occipital

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25
Q

hills of the brain

A

gyri

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26
Q

valleys of the brain

A

sulci

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27
Q

location of the ventricles

A

medial to the temporal lobes

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28
Q

corona radiata

A

projection fiber path way

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29
Q

corpus collasum

A

connects the two hemispheres

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30
Q

widely distributed processing

A

language function depends on a complex interaction between the reticular activating system, subcortical gray and white matter structures, the non-dominant hemisphere and regions in the zone of language

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31
Q

Wernickes area

A

comprehension of language

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32
Q

broca’s area

A

planning of articulatory movement

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33
Q

insular cortex

A

cortical structure deep within the lateral fissure between the temporal lobe and the frontal lobe

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34
Q

angular gyrus

A

connects the visual system with the spoken language system

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35
Q

thalamus

A

participates in word finding and speech coordination

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36
Q

basal ganglia

A

filter and regulate movement

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37
Q

functions of the non-dominant hemisphere

A 
body language 
proxemics 
facial expression 
emotional content 
suprasegmental- rate, rhythm, pitch
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38
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinates and regulates motor plans to assure smooth, accurate and timely articulation movement

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39
Q

CT scan

A

technology combining x-ray and computer analysis

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40
Q

fMRI

A

technology which measures positioning of hydrogen atoms in neural tissue during discrete language or cognitive tasks

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41
Q

PET

A

measures metabolic activity by detecting radioactivity over the brain following injections of isotopes

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42
Q

MEG

A

brain mapping, measure of magnetic fields produced by flow of ions within neurons

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43
Q

EEG

A

measures electrical signals emitted by neural activity

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44
Q

angiography

A

imaging produced by visualizing injection of dye into arterial circulation under fluroscope

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45
Q

cortical mapping

A

technology which electrical signals emitted by neural activity

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46
Q

phonemic cue

A

visual cue

*watch my mouth

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47
Q

semantic cue

A

verbal cue

*its another type of fruit

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48
Q

verbal closure

A

soap and ……

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49
Q

grapheme cue

A

it starts with a “M”

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50
Q

tactile cue

A

put your tongue here using a device to show you where to put your tongue

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51
Q

direct activation pathway

A

pyramidal tract

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52
Q

extrapyramidal tract

A

multiple synapses between cortex and lower motor neurons

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53
Q

cerebellar

A

coordinates timing and duration of movement

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54
Q

subsystems affected in dysarthria

A 
respiration 
phonation 
prosody 
articulation 
resonance
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55
Q

final common pathway

A

lower motor neuron system

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56
Q

aphasia

A

disruption of linguistic planning results in difficulties with syntax, word-finding and comprehension

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57
Q

apraxia of speech

A

disruption of interface between linguistic planning and movements needed to produce speech results in error of omission and commission to articulation, without muscle weakness

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58
Q

dysarthria

A

disruption of the neural signal required for subsequent muscular contraction results in weak,absent , or dyscoordinated movements for respiration, resonance, phonation, and articulation

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59
Q

tone

A

continuous passive muscle contraction; necessary to maintain optimal posture

60
Q

flaccid tone

A

reduced tone; hypoactive reflexes

61
Q

spastic tone

A

exaggerated tone; hyperactive reflexes

62
Q

atrophy

A

wasting or shrinking of tissue

63
Q

ataxia

A

clumsy, poor coordinated movement resulting from cerebellar damage

64
Q

dyskinesia

A

abnormal involuntary movements, tremor

65
Q

dystonia

A

persistant, involuntary contraction of muscle; abnormal posturing

66
Q

symptoms of dysarthria

A 
slurred speech 
raspy voice 
intelligibility impacted 
reduced volume 
monotone voice 
problems moving face
67
Q

eval of dysarthria

A 
medial record 
case history 
oral mech 
max phonation time 
measure vocal fold efficiency 
production connected to speech 
under stress
68
Q

standardized testing for dysarthria

A

dysarthria profiles

frenchay dysarthria profiles

69
Q

people say I’m drunk

A

ataxic dysarthria

70
Q

i don’t talk loud enough

A

hypo kinetic dysarthria

71
Q

i sound like i am stuttering

A

hyperkinetic dysarthria

72
Q

augmentative/ alternative communication

A 
all forms of communication (other than oral speech ) that  are used to express thoughts, needs, wants, and ideas 
low tech 
gestures 
picture boards 
high tech 
dynavox
73
Q

AOS characteristics

A

slow choppy rate
distorted substitutions
pickle become priclel
frequently co-exists with broca’s aphasia

74
Q

site of lesion for AOS

A 
always language dominant 
posterior frontal 
parietal 
insula 
basal ganglia
75
Q

transitive

A

limb gesture
tool use
ex-pencil writing

76
Q

intransitive

A

non tool use

ex-clap your hands

77
Q

respiratory

A

exchange of air

ex-whistle

78
Q

non-respiratory

A

non exchange of air

ex-lick an ice cream cone

79
Q

on the body

A

touch your ear, scratch an itch

80
Q

off the body

A

show me how to throw a ball

81
Q

proximal

A

close to midline

ex, show me how you indicate you don’t know something

82
Q

distal

A

show me how to put on lipstick

83
Q

pre-practice

A

motivate
explain
establish correct response

84
Q

constant practice

A

la la la la

85
Q

variable practice

A

make mom mouth money mother

86
Q

massed practice

A

fewer bu longer sessions

87
Q

distributed practice

A

shorter session with the same total duration

88
Q

RHD

A

cognitive-communication dysfunction of the right hemisphere

injury to the non-language dominant hemisphere

89
Q

anosognosia

A

neurologically based inability to know, denial of deficits

90
Q

prosopagnosia

A

inability to recognize faces

91
Q

standardized test for RHD

A

mini inventory of right brain injury
cognitive linguistic quick test
communication abilities of daily living

92
Q

assessing RHD

A

observation
clock drawing
standardized testing

93
Q

is the term cortex the same as cerebrum

A

false cerebrum is more complex and contains a list of things

94
Q

how not to describe aphasia

A

receptive and expressive

95
Q

global aphasia

A

most severe form of aphasia and results in a reduction of all language abilities

96
Q

motor pathways

A

transmit information in the efferent (sensory) direction

97
Q

isolated aphasia

A 
is rare following closed head injury 
more global 
TBI 
cognitive 
focal injury
98
Q

cognitive therapy

A

medicare pays for it following a diagnosis of dementia

99
Q

insula

A

cortical area beneath frontal and temporal regions deep to the lateral sulcus

100
Q

chorea

A

involuntary, irregular movements which flow from one muscle to the next

101
Q

resonance

A

parameter of speech production often impaired in cases of flaccid and spastic dysarthria

102
Q

neuroplasticity

A

the ability of the brain to create new interconnections between neurons

103
Q

parameter of language that tells the difference between broca’s aphasia and transcortical motor

A

non-verbal agility

104
Q

diagnosis often associated with hypo kinetic dysarthria

A

Parkinson’s dysarthria

105
Q

spaced retrieval is used for what

A

working memory

106
Q

damage to the frontal lobes will have what kind of problem

A

problems with decision making and judgment

107
Q

landmark separating the L and R hemispheres

A

median longitudinal fissure

108
Q

motor speech generator structures

A

insula
parietal lobe
posterior frontal lobe

109
Q

people with RHD have trouble with what

A

use aspect of communication and language

110
Q

resting potential

A

-50 to -70 mv (semantic memory)

something we didn’t learn in class

111
Q

pseudo dementia

A

symptoms mimicking dementia, however underlying cause is treatable depression

112
Q

cortical dementia

A

cognitive signs appear first
alzheimer disease
pick’s disease (frontotemporal lobar dementia)

113
Q

subcortical dementia

A

motor signs appear first
parkinson’s disease
progressive supra nuclear
hunting tons disease

114
Q

Alzheimer dementia

A

most common cause of irreversible cognitive disorder

symptoms , confusion, memory loss, mood swings, aggression, eventual loss of physical function

115
Q

neuropathologic changes in the brain

A

amyloid plaques surrounded by neurofibrillary tangles

116
Q

tauopathy

A

pathological aggregations of tau protein found in brains of individual with alzheimer and other forms of dementia

117
Q

second most common cause of dementia

A

cerebrovascular disease

periventricular white matter changes

118
Q

episodic memory

A

is the memory of autobiographical events (times, places, associated emotions, and other contextual who, what, when, where, why knowledge) that can be explicitly stated.

119
Q

working memory

A

is the system responsible for the transient holding and processing of new and already-stored information, and is an important process for reasoning, comprehension, learning and memory updating.

120
Q

semantic memory

A

is one of the two types of declarative or explicit memory (our memory of facts or events that is explicitly stored and retrieved). Semantic memory refers to general world knowledge that we have accumulated throughout our lives.

121
Q

executive functioning impairments

A

problems with planning, judgment, making decisions, setting goals

122
Q

How a SLP is involved

A 
identification 
assessment 
intervention 
counseling 
collaboration 
case management 
education 
advocacy 
research
123
Q

global deterioration scale

A

standardized tool often used to assess people with dementia

124
Q

beneficence

A

act in the best interest of the person served

125
Q

nonmaleficence

A

do no harm

126
Q

justice

A

treat people with fairness

127
Q

autonomy

A

people have the right to control what is done to them

128
Q

professional ethic

A

a set of principles of values developed to address professional duties and or obligations

129
Q

professional misconduct

A

any action that is unethical contrary to the specific prohibitions and proscriptions in the code of ethic

130
Q

negligence

A

omission or commission of an act which constitute a departure from the standard of care imposed on reasonable members of the profession

131
Q

malfeasance

A

intentional act causing harm

132
Q

misfeasance

A

act done improperly

133
Q

nonfeasance

A

failure to act

134
Q

malpractice

A

a type of tort fails to follow generally accepted professional standard, and the breach of duty is the cause of injury to the plaintiff who suffers some form of damages

135
Q

fraud

A

the intention false representation of a material fact which cause a person or entity (victim) to act in a manner is detrimental to the victim

136
Q

whistleblowing

A

a professional who reports the misconduct of a colleague

137
Q

are morals and ethic the same

A

no

138
Q

four key principle of biomedical ethics

A

autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non maleficence

139
Q

duty to care

A

following conditions must be met for a finding of malpractice

140
Q

mutism

A

most common with bilateral frontal damage

141
Q

confused language

A

irrelevant, incoherent circumlocutory content

142
Q

deviant speech patterns of TBI

A 
hyper nasality 
impaired rate of speech 
imprecise consonant production 
limited pitch variation 
reduced breath support for speech 
abnormal stress patterns 
reduced phrase length 
reduced speech intelligibility 
prolonged intervals of speech 
limited variations in speech loudness
143
Q

cognitive rehabilitation

A

therapy programs which aid persons in the management of specific problems in perception, memory, thinking, and problem solving

144
Q

restorative interventions

A

activities directed at repairing disrupted cognition and or communication
attention process training

145
Q

compensatory interventions

A

activities directed at reducing the effects or disrupted cognition and or communication
ex- medication organizers

CDIS 4433 (2 decks)

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