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NURS 484 > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is colonization?

A

People move into an area bringing their own culture, beliefs, values etc. and disregard the culture of people originally inhabiting the area.

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2
Q

In what ways can we decolonize nursing practice?

A

Understand the role nurses have played in colonization historically, create a sense of respect for the culture/beliefs/traditions of indigenous people, and incorporate alternative health practices/views, use self-reflection to identify own privilege, speak up when you see oppression occurring

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3
Q

How have nurses played a role in colonization historically?

A

School of nursing were often associated with churches.

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4
Q

What are 3 ontological values that are foundational beliefs important with indigenous ways of knowing?

A
  1. Storytelling: method used to infuse moral values into younger generations.
  2. Ceremonies: used for healing, prayer, purification, celebration etc.
  3. Traditional use of medicine: Plants have sacred healing properties that are respected and utilized by indigenous groups
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5
Q

What does the definition of psychotherapy focus on?

A

Social epidemiology and the social context

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6
Q

Medicine wheel consists of four aspects, what do you understand to be important to this ideology?

A

All four aspects must be in harmony or ill health will follow.

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7
Q

Why is intentional deliberate, extended perpetuation trauma more difficult to come to terms with?

A

Because it is difficult to understand that someone would intentionally want to hurt you, it is isolating. It is also embedded in the assumption that you are to blame.

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8
Q

What is the largest single contributor to historical and multigenerational trauma for indigenous peoples?

A

Residential schools

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9
Q

Spirituality for a traditional indigenous way of being is a…

A

SDOH and considered a primary personal and community resource for healing

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10
Q

The two largest and most renowned Indian Hospitals in Canada were located in…

A

BC (Nanaimo) and Alberta (Edmonton)

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11
Q

The Nanaimo Indian Hospital had how many beds?

A

210

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12
Q

What did the treatment regime at Nanaimo IH include?

A

Getting out of bed only once per month.

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13
Q

Provide 2 examples of proximal DOH?

A

Health behaviour and food insecurity

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14
Q

What is the definition of a proximal DOH?

A

One that directly impacts physical, emotional, mental, or spiritual health.

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15
Q

What are 2 examples of intermediate DOH?

A

Health care system, educational system

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16
Q

What is the definition of an intermediate DOH?

A

Ones that impact proximal DOH (systems)

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17
Q

What is the definition of distal DOH?

A

Have direct impact on population health as they represent political, economic, and social contexts.

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18
Q

What are 2 examples of distal DOH?

A

Colonialism, self-determination

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19
Q

What year did “Indians” gain the right to vote?

A

1960

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20
Q

How many indigenous children attended residential schools in Canada?

A

150,000

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21
Q

How many children died in residential schools approximately?

A

6000

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22
Q

What was the rationale the federal government provided for residential schools that helped enact them in federal law?

A

In order for the children to be moral people, they must be assimilated to Christian religion, as Christian religion alone can give individuals a moral compass

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23
Q

T/F: each race has a distinct culture (i.e. language, dress, music, dance) that is also linked to biology?

A

F

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24
Q

What are 2 DOH listed in the 4 worlds document? Describe them…

A

Basic physical needs: adequate nutrition, shelter, clean water etc.

Spirituality and a sense of purpose: clear sense of purpose and direction in individual, family, and community life

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25
Q

Name of the residential school closest to where you grew up?

A

St. Boniface Industrial School

26
Q

What is the name of the community/tribe upon whose traditional lands you grew up on? (Winnipeg) What language do they speak?

A

Dakota Community. Siouan.

27
Q

Name two cultural practice/indigenous strengths that were utilized in Bella Bella recently to help reduce suicide in indigenous youth?

A

Engaging youth in their community and incorporating spirituality into healing practices

28
Q

How did the Indian Act create reliance on social welfare?

A

Banning of hunting and fishing, banning of machinery, banned slaughter of livestock on reserve for sustenance, banned trade of agricultural goods

29
Q

What is an “elder”?

A

One who carries and passes down cultural wisdom to other generations. Not necessarily a “healer”

30
Q

What is “Jordan’s Principle”?

A

This law states that the government of first contact with the child will pay for the service required. Jurisdictional/payment disputes are avoided and can be addressed later after the individual has received medical care. This principle ensured that FN children living on and off reserve have equitable access to all government funded services.

31
Q

What are Non-Insured Health Benefits (NIHB)?

A

A program that offers status FN and Inuit coverage for medical items and services that are not covered by other plans or programs

32
Q

What does the trauma theory tell us?

A

Historical trauma will last for at least 7 generations

33
Q

What is race defined as?

A

Social construction which is primarily based on physical characteristics.

34
Q

What is culture defined as?

A

Encompasses belief and value system and bound by shared understandings

35
Q

What is enfranchisement?

A

The loss of “Indian” status and treaty rights by gaining some of same rights as British subjects (like the right to vote)

36
Q

What did bill C-31 revoke? What happened with this bill? What were the consequences of this bill?

A

Amended Indian Act. Revoked “enfranchisement” provisions of Indian Act. People who lost their status from the Indian Act regained it and allowed bands to control their own membership as a step toward self-governance. A second-generation cut off rule came into play. Children of status men/women who married non-status would not be able to pass status along to their own children if they too married non-status. Bill C-31 also accorded Bands power to determine their own membership (therefore not everyone would actually get membership back).

37
Q

Why is there so much complexity to indigenous healthcare?

A

For FN living on-reserve, healthcare is predominantly the federal governments’ responsibility, other FN groups fall under the responsibility of provincial or territorial government. Also due to self-government agreements and other mechanisms to expand FN peoples involvement in the provision of local services and programs.

38
Q

What are some main points about Penelope Edmonds article about settler colonialism?

A

A historical account of progressive marginalization experienced by the Lekwungen people and the shift from a mercantilist to racialized society. Also the shows the difference in culture between different First Nations groups.

39
Q

What is racism?

A

Belief that one race is superior to another. Hatred or intolerance of another race.

40
Q

What is structural racism?

A

Economic, social, and political institutions. Things like the Indian Act, size, location and distribution of Indian reserves

41
Q

What is relational racism?

A

Person experiences discriminatory behaviour from people they encounter in their everyday life. Things like being followed in the store, being denied a promotion etc.

42
Q

What is epistemic racism?

A

The dominance of western knowledge systems produce and promote beliefs about racialized cultures as inferior to western culture

43
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

The belief in superiority of ones own culture or ethnicity

44
Q

What is internalized racism?

A

Acceptance and internalization of negative stereotypical beliefs, attitudes or ideologies about the inferiority of ones racial group

45
Q

What is the definition of a Metis?

A

An indigenous person inhabiting the region of Saskatchewan

46
Q

What is the definition of an Inuit?

A

An indigenous person inhabiting regions of northern Canada, Greenland, and Alaska

47
Q

What is the definition of First Nations?

A

The term that replaced “Indian” around the 1970s. It is not a comprehensive term as Inuit and Metis are not included.

48
Q

Indian Act. Details and restritions?

A

Determined who had and did not have status. Enabled enfranchisement. Restricted hunting and gathering (replaced by social welfare to create dependence on European food), banned use of mechanical equipment banned slaughter of livestock on reserve for sustenance, banned sale of agricultural goods off-reserve.

49
Q

What is “two spirited”? (3 things)

A

Women who engaged in tribal warefare, women who married other women, and considered a third gender.

50
Q

What is the purpose of “circle”?

A

Helps to understand the indigenous ways of knowing and shows respect for other cultures. Allows each person an opportunity to talk.

51
Q

Indigenous definition of holistic health grounded in teaching would incorporate the following concepts:

A

Many indigenous peoples use the medicine wheel to describe holistic health and well-being. It includes physical, emotional, spiritual, and psychological aspects of a person and describes that all aspects need to be in harmony to ensure holistic health and well-being of a person

52
Q

What does cultural safety in health practice look like?

A

Addresses the role and impact of racism and inequities in access to healthcare and health outcomes, attends to power dynamics in the interactions between HCP and service users

53
Q

What is the definition of Indigenous?

A

The first people to inhabit an area before colonization.

54
Q

What is the definition of Aboriginal?

A

Broad term for indigenous people of Canada. FN, Inuit, Metis.

55
Q

Why is it important to acknowledge the land?

A

To acknowledge the people who inhabited the land before us which is the first step and very easy step in the direction to de-colonization. It is also an expression of gratitude to those who came before you.

56
Q

What is historical trauma theory?

A

Begins with subjugation of a population by a dominant group. Then emotional and psychological trauma are passed along to subsequent generations.

57
Q

Unsettling the settler within refers to…

A

Disrupting assumed norms about society by those in positions of power and the ways in which we comply with dominance. Confronting, learning, and teaching discomforting truths about our entitlement and privilege.

58
Q

How did enfranchisement occur originally?

A

Was originally a voluntary act, but later on indigenous were forced into enfranchisement if they became ministers or obtained a university degree. Women also became enfranchised when they married non-status men

59
Q

What are ways to decolonize relationships with FN communities?

A

Learn about local cultural practices, learn about issues that local indigenous people are facing, reflect on your colonizer status and privilege

60
Q

What is symbolic racism?

A

Some people are not necessarily labelled as racist because they act disgustingly towards overt racism, yet hold similar, less aggressive attitudes to maintain status quo

NURS 484 (1 decks)

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