final exam

Question 1

the four nobel truths

Answer 1

• The truth of suffering
• The truth of the cause of suffering
• The truth of the end of suffering
• The truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering

Question 2

the eight fold path

Answer 2

• A way of developing oneself(cognitively, behaviourally, psychology) and ends in nirvana
• Right view:
• Right resolve/ intention: freeing the mind from ill will, hatred, cruelty, is the principle of non violence
• Right speech: following the principle of himsa, speaking truth, avoiding lies, avoiding gossip and cruel talk
• Right actions: behaving appropriately abstaining from inappropriate action
• Right livelihood: an occupation that doesn’t create harm, no cheating, just honesty
• Right effort: develops a wholesome state of mind
• Right mindfulness:
• Right meditation:

Question 3

the middle way:

Answer 3

is the term that a Buddha used to describe the character of the eight-fold path that leads to liberation. Essentially describes the path that transcends and reconciles the duality that characterizes most thinking.

Question 4

teaching anatman

Answer 4

: is essentially to teach one of the characteristics of existence: the absence of self, the idea that there is no unchanging, permanent self, soul or essences. By looking at the idea of non-self, comes the idea of suffering. The purpose of these teachings was to help people find true happiness by finding the root of suffering and the solution to end the suffering.

Question 5

duhkha

Answer 5

refers to the stress, sorrow, and suffering one faces which is a central concept in Buddhis. There are three kinds of dukkha, pain of pain, pain of alteration, and pain of formation. As described in the 4 noble truths, duhkha is said to be a fundamental part of life.

Question 6

arhat

Answer 6

is one who is worthy and well along the path to enlightenment and achieving nirvana. The idea rooted out of Buddha and Arhat. Arhat was a follower of Buddha and trusted him to lead the way. Showing that Buddha could achieve things on his own but Arhat need some guidance in order to get there.

Question 7

Pratītyasamutpāda

Answer 7

translates to “dependent arising” or “dependent origination”. Is the basis of Buddhist teachings on the purpose of birth and death, as well as the major schools of Buddhism. Is seen to be light the ultimate truth within Buddhism

Question 8

sangha

Answer 8

translates to community and often refers to the group of monks or nuns. Has two levels of meanings: the ideal level and the conventional level. The conventional level denotes order and the ideal level denotes the followers.

Question 9

skandha

Answer 9

the aggregates or bundles of things that make us up in some way. Is defined or broken down by a whole range of human experiences, such as form, sensation, perception, predispositions, and consciousness.

Question 10

jatakas

Answer 10

are types of literature from India. Which tend to contain stories of the pervious lives of Buddha, including those of him in both animal and human forms. These stories are extremely valued in all branches of Buddhism.

Question 11

taijitu

yin yang

Answer 11

are the two aspects of the force of chi. Ying is seen to be the dark receptive female, where yang is seen to be the bright assertive male aspect. the idea that when put together, the whole is greater than the assembled parts.

Question 12

Qi (chi)

Answer 12

is an impersonal self-generating energy. The force being made up of two aspects that interplay with one another cause the ever-changing phenomenon of the universe. Those aspects being yin and yang

Question 13

dao (tao)

Answer 13

Dao (Tao): is translated to “the way”, essentially meaning to live according to nature. It is an impersonal world view that has no willful interference. Is said to be the ultimate basis of existence with its movement from utility to diversity.

Question 14

teh five relationships of confucius

Answer 14

• the rectification of names is the idea that one should live in conformity to their name and their role. The five relationships are: ruler to minister, father to son, husband to wife, brother to brother, and friend to friend. Is said to help develop ones intrinsic humanity.

Question 15

ren (jen)

Answer 15

Ren(Jen): is the foundational virtue of Confucianism. Is described through goodness, benevolence and reciprocity. The idea of promoting a behavior that is said to help ones relationships and community.

Question 16

Bodhisattva:

Answer 16

Bodhisattva: is one who aspires to enlightenment and carries out altruistic practices. They tend to put off irvana for themselves out of compassion of helping to eliminate the suffering of others. Bidhisattva’s compassions is said to be its greatest characteristic

Question 17

Avolokitesvara:


Answer 17

Avolokitesvara:
is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all buddhas. Tends to be depicted in different ways throughout different traditions. Helps to promote the greatest ideas of merit within the Buddhist traditions, the idea of compassion.

Question 18

Amitabha:
i

Answer 18

Amitabha:
is translated into “infinite light”. Is known as the celestial Buddha from the scriptures of Mahayana school where amitabha is the principle Buddha in the pure land sect. amitabha possesses infinite merits resulting from good deeds done over countess past lives.

Question 19

Sukhāvati:

Answer 19

Sukhāvati: translates to “land of bliss” that refers to the pure land. Is described as a joyous world where people are reborn into or go when they’ve become purified and attained enlightenment

Question 20

Nembutsu (Nien-fo):

Answer 20

Nembutsu (Nien-fo): means to think or to contemplate the Buddha.

Question 21

The Great Persecution (China):

Answer 21

The Great Persecution (China): is otherwise referred to as the “great anti-Buddhist persecution”. Its purpose was to appropriate war funds and cleanse china of foreign influences. Was not just directed at Buddhism but other religions as well

Question 22

Kami:

Answer 22

Kami: is essentially anything outside the ordinary that has power. Is seen to be gods, spirits, animals, and objects of natural features, such as waterfalls. One can also become kami by being an empire.

Question 23

Misogi:

Answer 23

Misogi: an important practice of Shinto that involves purification and defilement. Is not only seen as physical but also ritually and morally as well. Is practiced through bathing since cold water is seen to trick the body into a healing response.

Question 24

Soto:

Answer 24

Soto: is one of the leading schools of zen teachings. The essence of soto is to “just sit”. There is no goal to attain beyond the practice itself.

Question 25

Koan: .

Answer 25

Koan: a riddle like story. Used in zen Buddhism to demonstrate the inadequacy of logical reasoning and to help provoke enlightenment. The riddle is also said to test a students progress with zen.

Question 26

Zazen:

Answer 26

Zazen: is considered the heart of the soto zen practice. The aim of zazen is just sitting while suspending all judgmental thinking and letting words, ideas, and thoughts pass by without getting involved in them