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Social Psychology > final exam > Flashcards

final exam Flashcards

1
Q

A preconceived negative judgement of a group and its individual members

A

prejudice

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2
Q

what are the sources of prejudice?

A

social, motivational, cognitive, and categorization

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3
Q

unequal status

A

social prejudice

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4
Q

submissive to those in power and aggressive to those below them

A

authoritarian persoality

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5
Q

people want to be liked and accepted by the majority group so they wont resist prejudice

A

conformity

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6
Q

prejudice arises when groups compete for scarce resources

A

realistic group conflict theory

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7
Q

human beings categorize information to simplify the environment

A

categorization

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8
Q

they are all alike and so different from our group

A

outgroup homogeneity effect

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9
Q

the patriarchal expression of sexism, where men express protective, yet restrictive, attitudes toward women

A

benevolent sexism

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10
Q
  • after 9/11, 4 in 10 americans said they were prejudice against muslims
  • 5 in 10 in western europe view muslims as threatening
  • Muslims perceived us as greedy and immoral
A

discrimination due to religion

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11
Q
  • overweight white women marry less often and make less money
  • overweight people are less likely to be hired, get promoted, or compensated
A

discrimination due to weight

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12
Q
  • patronizing behavior, condescension
  • cause low self esteem
  • self profiling prophecy
A

discrimination due to age

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13
Q

“us”, a group of people who share a sense of belonging, a feeling of common identity

A

ingroup bias

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14
Q

the tendency of people to believe that the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

A

just-world phenomenon

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15
Q
  • gave schoolchildren a set of test
  • randomly select bloomers
  • told teachers about random bloomers and that IQ would increase sharply
  • at the end, bloomers actually showed larger increase in IQ than other children
  • caused by warmer attitude, feedback, input and output
A

Rosenthal’s research on the bloomers

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16
Q

amygdala and prefrontal cortex

A

biological bases of aggression

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17
Q

fear and aggression, threat detector

A

amygdala

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18
Q

14% less active in murderers, planning, judgement, decision making, regulating body and emotions, empathy and morality

A

prefrontal cortex

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19
Q
  • unleashes aggression when people are provoked
  • the assailant and or victim have been drinking in 65% of homicides
  • 55% for domestic violence
  • disinhibits the prefrontal cortex
  • reduces self awareness
  • focuses on provocation
A

alcohol and aggression

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20
Q
  • springs from self destructive impulse

- instinctive

A

Freud’s view on aggression

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21
Q
  • adaptive rather than self destructive

- instinctive

A

Lorenz’s view on aggression

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22
Q
  • psychological

- blocking a foal leads to aggression

A

frustration-aggression theory

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23
Q
  • albert bandura
  • frustration + a cue = aggression
  • physically aggressive children tend to have had physically punitive parents
  • 30% of abused children, abuse their own children
  • children who watched adults behave aggressively toward bobo doll also behaved aggressively (observational learning)
A

bobo doll study

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24
Q

do opposites attract in relationships?

A

NO!!!!!

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25
Q

the tendency for novel stimuli to be lied more after repeated exposure

A

mere exposure effect

26
Q

couples most similar in attractiveness were most likely to fall more deeply in love

A

attractiveness

27
Q

people tend to date, marry, and befriend others of similar attractiveness

A

matching phenomenon

28
Q

when people look at photos, their own spouse becomes less attractive
- Charlie’s angels experiment

A

contrast effect

29
Q
  • both grow up in stable two parent household
  • are well and similarly educated
  • did not marry solely for looks or money
  • enjoy a stable income from a good job
  • regular church goers
  • do not marry too young or too old
  • of similar age, faith, and educatio
  • spend 3 years together before proposal
  • large wedding (social connections)
  • have a honeymoon
A

factors that make divorce less likely

30
Q

helping someone else when there is no benefit to you

A

altruism

31
Q

we should return help to those who have helped us

A

reciprocity norm

32
Q

help people who really need it, even if they cant return the favor

A

social responsibility

33
Q

the more people around, the less help given

A

bystander effect

34
Q

a belief about the personal attributes of a group of people

A

stereotypes

35
Q

a negative behavior

A

discrimination

36
Q

prejudice and discrimination based on a persons racial background

A

racism

37
Q
  • african americans and latinos are over represented in the prisons
  • only 13% of US population are african american, yet 35% of prison population is african american
  • 33% of inmates are latinos
A

bias in criminal justice system

38
Q
  • subconscious process in which a moral behavior makes people worry less about subsequent immoral behavior
  • if I do something positive now its ok to do something negative later
A

moral licensing

39
Q

a form of prejudice that surfaces in subtle ways when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize

A

modern racism

40
Q

evaluate any minority group and assess it on warmth and competence

A

stereotype content model

41
Q
  1. intergroup contact
  2. having two groups working together to achieve a superordinate goal
  3. self verification
  4. jigsaw classroom
  5. intergroup friendships and extended contact
A

how we decrease prejudice

42
Q
  • physical or verbal behavior intended to cause harm
A

aggression

43
Q

a means to another end

- ex: war

A

instrumental aggression

44
Q

letting out anger

A

catharsis

45
Q

Does venting help?

A

venting breeds more hostility– Bushman

46
Q

What are the dangers of punishment

A
  1. punishment arouses emotion
  2. its hard to be perfectly consistent
  3. its hard to know the severity of punishment
  4. punishment teaches about power
  5. punishment motivates concealment
47
Q

Effects of spanking

A
  • spanking at age five leads to higher levels of problem behavior and lower vocab scores around age nine
  • children who’ve been spanked are more likely to use hitting as a means for conflict resolution
  • high in anxiety, depression, personality disorder, and alcohol abuse
  • less gray matter which is key for self control
48
Q

sexual assault facts

A
  • 1 out of every 6 women

- rape myth: some women welcome sexual assault, no doesnt really mean no

49
Q

most people marry someone from the same neighborhood, job, school, or hometown

A

proximity

50
Q

How do people decide to breakup?

A
  • desirability of alternatives
  • investment
  • how happy you are with the relationship
51
Q

What is Sternberg’s triangular theory of love?

A
  • intimacy
  • commitment
  • passion
52
Q

hellen fischer

A

passionate love

high dopamine levels

53
Q

what is compassionate love?

A
  • intimacy and commitment

- deep affectionate attachment

54
Q

the outcome of what the couple is each putting in is equal to what they are each getting out

A

equity

55
Q
  • emotional intimacy

- revealing intimate information about oneself to the other

A

self disclosure

56
Q

what does the demander in demand-withdraw do?

A

the demander nags, criticizes, repeatedly brings up problem, complains

57
Q

what does the withdrawer in demand-withdraw do?

A

the withdrawer avoids, ignores, refuses to discuss, denies they have a problem, makes excuses

58
Q
  • criticism
  • contempt
  • defensiveness
  • stone walling
A

4 interpersonal styles that lead to marital discord and dissolution

59
Q

what do happy couples do?

A
  • reconcile differences
  • communicate
  • fight fairly
  • have more positive than negative interactions (5 to 1 ratio)
60
Q

when trying to decide if something is an emergency we look around at others who are just as clueless as we are

A

pluralist ignorance

61
Q

What is Latane and Darley’s behavior tree?

A
  • notice the event
  • interpret event as emergency
  • assume responsibility
  • known appropriate form of assistance
  • implement the decision

Social Psychology (3 decks)

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