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General Psychology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormal behavior

A

Behavior that causes people to experience distress and prevents them from functioning in their daily lives

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2
Q

DSM-5

A

Used by most professionals to diagnose and classify abnormal behavior

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3
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

Severe form of depression that interferes with concentration, decision making, and sociability

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4
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

People alternates between periods of euphoric feelings of mania and periods of depression

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5
Q

Manic episode

A

Extended state of intense, wild elation

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6
Q

Anxiety

A

Occurrence of anxiety without an obvious external cause that affects daily functioning

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7
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

Occurrence of anxiety without an obvious external cause that affects daily functioning

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8
Q

Obsession

A

Persistent unwanted thought or idea that keeps recurring

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9
Q

Compulsion

A

Persistent unwanted thought or idea that keeps recurring

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10
Q

Panic attacks

A

Anxiety suddenly rising to a peek, one feels a sense of impending and unavoidable doom

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11
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Fear of being in a situation in which escape is difficult and help unavailable

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12
Q

Specific phobia

A

Intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations

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13
Q

Personality disorder

A

Characterized by a set of inflexible, maladaptive behavior patterns that keep a person from functioning appropriately society

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14
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

Difficulty developing a secure sense of who they are, emotional volatility leads to impulsive and self-destructive behavior

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15
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

Psychological dysfunctions characterized by the separation of different facers of a person’s personality that are normally integrated

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16
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

Individual leave home suddenly and assumes a new identity

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17
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A

Person displays characteristics of two or more distinct personalities

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18
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

Individuals shows no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society or the rights of others

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19
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Class of disorders in which severe distortion of reality occurs

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20
Q

Hallucinations

A

Auditory hallucinations are usually experienced as voices, whether familiar or unfamiliar, that are perceived as distinct from the person’s own thoughts

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21
Q

Delusions

A

False or erroneous beliefs that usually involve a misinterpretation of perceptions or experiences

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22
Q

Positive symptoms

A

Excess or distortion of normal function. For example, Delusions – falsely held beliefs usually due to a distorted perception or experience. Delusions are the most common symptom of schizophrenia.

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23
Q

Thought disorder

A

difficulty organizing and expressing thoughts. This might result in stopping mid-sentence or speaking nonsensically; including the making up of words.

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24
Q

Disorganized behavior

A

unusual and inappropriate behavior. This might be childlike behavior or unpredictable agitation.

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25
Q

Movement disorder

A

agitated or repeated movements. Catatonia (non-moving and non-responsive) is also possible.

26
Q

Negative symptoms

A

Refer to a decrease or absence of normal function. For example, Apparent lack of emotion or small emotional range, reduced ability to plan and follow-through with activities, neglect of personal hygiene, social withdrawal, decrease in talkativeness, loss of motivations

27
Q

Psychotherapy

A

Treatment in which a trained professional called a therapist, uses psychological techniques to help a person overcome psychological difficulties and disorders, to resolve problems in living, or bring about personal growth

28
Q

Transference

A

Transfer of feelings to a psychoanalyst that has been originally directed to a patient’s parent or other authoritative figures

29
Q

Person-centered therapy

A

Goal is to reach one’s potential for self-actualization

30
Q

Behavior therapy

A

Approaches that make use of the basic processes of learning such as reinforcement and extinction, to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior

31
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

Exposure to an anxiety-producing stimulus is paired with deep relaxation to extinguish the response of anxiety

32
Q

Aversive conditioning

A

Reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by pairing with an aversive stimulus

33
Q

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

A

Incorporates basic principles of learning to change the way people think

34
Q

Group therapy

A

Therapy in which people meet in a group with a therapist discuss problems

35
Q

Family therapy

A

Focuses on the family and its dynamics

36
Q

Lithium

A

Bipolar disorder treatment

37
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy

A

Procedure used in the treatment of severe depression

38
Q

Antipsychotic medication

A

Temporarily reduce psychotic symptoms such as agitations, hallucinations, and delusions

39
Q

Antianxiety medication

A

Reduce the level of anxiety a person experiences essentially by reducing excitability and increasing feelings of well-being

40
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Tendency to attribute success to personal factors and failure to factors outside oneself

41
Q

Social psychology

A

Scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others

42
Q

Stereotype

A

Set of generalized beliefs and expectations about a specific group and its members

43
Q

Obedience

A

A change in behavior in response to the commands of others

44
Q

Prosocial behavior

A

Helping behavior

45
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

Belief that responsibility for intervening is shared, or diffused, among those percent

46
Q

Attribution theory

A

Considers how we decide, on the basis of samples of a person’s behavior, what the specific cause of that behavior are

47
Q

Central route persuasion

A

Occurs when a persuasive message is evaluated by thoughtful consideration of the issues and arguments used to persuade

48
Q

Peripheral route persuasion

A

Occurs when a persuasive message is evaluated on the basis of irrelevant or extraneous factors

49
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

The mental conflict that occurs when a person holds two contradictory attitudes or thoughts

50
Q

Conformity

A

A change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people

51
Q

Prejudice

A

Negative (or positive) evaluation of a group and its members

52
Q

Altruism

A

Helping behavior that requires self-sacrifice

53
Q

Diffusion of responsibility

A

Belief that responsibility for intervening is shared, or diffused, among those present

54
Q

Group think

A

Type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternative points of view

55
Q

Passionate love

A

State of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal, psychological interest, and caring for the needs of another

56
Q

Companionate love

A

Strong affection we have for those with whom our lives are deeply involved

57
Q

To Know

A

Know that to be a disorder behavior must be dysfunctional.

58
Q

To Know

A

• Know that schizophrenia is a disease of the brain exhibited in symptoms of the mind

59
Q

How do we explain schizophrenia?

A

Class of disorders in which severe distortion of reality occurs

60
Q

What is antisocial personality disorder?

A

Individuals show no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society or the rights of others

61
Q

To Know

A

• Know the Zimbardo (1972) study with male college students in a simulated prison at Stanford.

General Psychology (1 decks)

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