Final Exam Material Flashcards
1
Q
- Peripherally acting muscle relaxant
- Interfers with the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells
- DOES NOT cross the BBB
- Drug of choice for Tx of malignant hyperthermia (hypermetabolic syndrome)
A
Dantrolene
2
Q
- Central acting muscle relaxant
- Selective blockade of nerve impulse transmission in the spinal cord
- CAN cross BBB
- Approved in dogs, cats, & horses to reduce muscle spasms
- Clinical uses: IVDD, Tetanus, Intoxication
A
Methocarbamol (Robaxin)
3
Q
- IV, central acting muscle relaxant/expectorant
- Act mainly by blocking nerve impulse transmission in the spinal cord, brain stem, & subcortical areas of the brain
- Approved in horses
A
Guaifenesen (Glycerol Guaicolate)
4
Q
- Most common first-line AED for chronic therapy
- Class: Barbiturate
- GABA agonist
- POTENT inducer of hepatic microsomal enzymes & is metabolized through that system (cytochrome P450)
A
Phenobarbital (“Old” AED)
5
Q
- Oral ONLY, extremely long half-life
- Primary/Add-on anticonvulsant in dogs - NOT cats
- Changes in serum chloride concentration - falsely high levels of Cl-
- Toxicity with overdose -> severe sedation & neurologic signs (Tx with 0.9% NaCl)
A
Bromide (“Old” AED)
6
Q
- Class: Anticonvulsant (Piracetam analogue)
- MoA unclear - thought to alter neurotransmitter release to hyperpolarize cells
- Shortest half-life of the antionvulsants
- Primarily excreted unchanged in urine of dogs
- Preferred choice for Tx of seizures due to hepatic encephalopathy
A
Levetiracetam (Keppra) - “New” AED
7
Q
- Class: Anticonvulsant (Sulfonamide derivative)
- Inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels-stabilizes neurons
- Oral capsule; NO IV formulation
- For use in cats & dogs
A
Zonisamide (Zonegran)
8
Q
- New drug-ONLY available in the UK/EU right now
- Class: Anticonvulsant (partial benzodiazepine GABA agonist)
- PO formulation only; minimal adverse effects reported
A
Imepitoin (Pexion)
