Final Paintings Flashcards
Watteau, Pilgrimage to Cythera, Rococo, c. 1716
Fete galante: Watteau invented this genre of images; scenes
of bucolic and idyllic charm, suffused with theatricality
Group of dedicated to venus
Fantasy, imaginative
Outside of reality
Element of fantasy and transportation
Cupid/puti
Couples
Fantasy
Red fabric
Rocol boat??
Green - fertility exceed boundaries
Lush landscape
Fullness
Pink - popular pastel
Eye to roses - statue of venus
Blue
Gold
Aesthetic beauty of landscape
Size and figures vs landscape size
Fragonard
The Swing
Rococo
Request from wealthy aristocrat
of mistress
Cupds - “shh” figure as if a secret
Scandalous/ teasing play of seeing above ankles
Teasing patron below can see
Enclosed
Rat at the bottom with mouth open - covers with cupid???
(or dog - can also show that woman on swing is a stranger)
Diagonal
Eyes moving like the swing
Pink - sweetness, love
Cupid on top of beehive
Sting of bee/like cupid
Queen bee
Birds and bees
Mystical mist haze dreamlike
Transported into a place
Ray of light in dense place
Bolle???/tree branch
Shot by lightening
Like falling in love
Light vs dark
Cupid shhing
Chardin
Monkey as a Painter
Academic Art
Chardin
-money as a painter
Makes fun of painters replicating a replication of a famous artwork
1740
Satire
Imitation of former works of art
Not inventors
Honor learn from books
History
Plaster
Make money
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David
Oath of the Horatii
Neoclassicism
Commissioned by Louis XVI
Battle between Rome and Alba, representatives of three sons from two
prominent families; virtue for the state
*****
David
Death of Marat
Neoclassicism
Radical pamphleteer of the Revolution, sparked 1792 riots that killed
hundreds of people; he was assasinated by Charlotte Corday d’ Amont.
Painting: martyr of the Revolution
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David
Napoleon Crossing the Alps
Neoclassicism
Painting of Napoleon; Napoleon never actually posed for painting so David used his
son instead; horse is depicted to look crazy - fantastical, to heighten the story that
represented in painting; major leaders began hav ing equestrian portraits;
composition of painting is on a diagonal, horse, napoleon, the mountains; cape is
used to make Napoleon look larger
Ingres
Napoleon on the Throne
Neoclassicism
Ideal clarity - emulated renaissance
With precise drawing, formal idealization, classical composition
And graceful lyricism
His work is devoid of emotion
Mantel - venus wars in bottecelli
Solvantry leadership
Red velvet and fur
Expensive color and silkepacked together
Luxury
Napoleon of the thrones 1806
Gold embroidery with thread
Sunbursts glory image bernini
Staff/septre
Controls church and state
Half circle perfection and divinity
Reef / crown
Collar
-raphael
Lots of gold realistic texture
Satin
Lush velvet
Gold, fur
Dome with pigmenation
Light and shadown
Geometry concious
Eagle - symbol of jupiter
Idealized - not indication of ages——–?
Ingres
Grand Odalisque
Neoclassicism
Recline in bed
realsque painter like
Harem
Sultans - no one can come in
Fascination with unknown
Awkard leg crossing (statisons)??
Lush bedding
Blue satin with embroidery
Cabuks place opium and smoke
Sonnet of women art and ideas
Flowers of evil
3 ini 1
Burning incense
Sultery mood
Smooth soft skin
Lay around with smoking opium
Elongation of body abstract
- curves not sharp
- if standing, body looks awkard
Oribque other???
Romantic
Freedom
Spiritual
Imagination > reasoning
Pain, exotic, drugs, art itself
Complex composition, contrast of light and darkness
Disegno - drawing and colorito - color and sensualness of it
The orient
- countries under islamic rule / muslim
- morocco
- napoleon put under seige???
- opium
– 60 to 50 years legal
New form of sensuality
French army in process of fighting spain and italian want to rule lower half of europe
French council republic
King of italian
Emperor of france
Ruling an empire
Delacroix
Women of Algiers
Romanticism
More realism
Closer to treegreds???
Larger dark hair - realistic not western ideal
Setting
Causual, 4 women
Domestic servant
Women - friendship commutal bond
Can see brush strokes
*** Kim’s notes
Delacroix did paintings of the east - introducing the new fascination for things in the
east in 19th century Europe; France’s area of connection was Morocco, traded fabric
and opium; a large sense of sensuality and pleasure was presented in paintings of
the east; painting depicts women inside a harem smoking opium - theme of
painting again is on pleasure in women and smoking; probably odalisques -
presented in a different way than normal - looks to be enjoying themselves rather
than being enjoyment for others
Goya
Saturn Devouring His Children
Romanticism
found in his own house
described as romantic
chiaroscuro - contrast between light and darkness
dark night scene but a beaming ray of light shines on figures
tenebrism - figures are enveloped in darkness and are kind of hard to see
possible to have chiaroscuro without tenebrism
romanticism: strike fear, explore extreme states of ecstasy, horror, violence
expressive body
dark palette
violence
theme - direct opposite of the kind in The Parasol
passage between paint and blood - paint drips into blood…
Saturn has an extreme madden state seen in his face - entirety of white in his eyes
distorted forms, gestures, expression
Goya
The Third of May, 1808
Romanticism
creates a new type of history painting
generally history paintings have focused on the heroism of the conqueror — the triumphs of the winner
Goya focuses on the violence of war and the vulnerability of those that are being conquered
focuses on gesture - clearly relating story to viewer
about death and injustice - can be seen in facial expressions
to immortalize the event of war - show violence of war
figure about to die resembles Christ on the cross
white shirt directs your attention to figure
unable to see faces of soldiers about to kill the figure
everything is focused on the reactions and emotions in the defeated
uses chiaroscuro effect
day scene vs. night scene between 2nd of May and 3rd of May
night time effect adds mystery and heightened emotions
Goya shows action and time through individuals waiting in line, grasping faces and dead bodies underneath central individual
passage of time — 3 part story - waiting in line: fear, about to die: anger - central figure in process of dying, bodies of already dead
compositionally puts hill behind figures to feel as though there is no escape
image of Spanish town in background historically sets the scene
looseness of brushwork
a lot of changes between 2nd of May and this painting
Thomas Cole
The Oxbow
American Landscape
Sublime: grand beauty that
inspires admiration and awe in
a way similar to divinity
National hero
Unique form
Contrast of wilderness and maintained nature
Storm vs sunlight
Lush green vs yellow/dead grass landscape
Clear cutting of landscape
Smoke, from houses
burning wood
crops growing
Plots
–
Identity of America
America the beautiful
Idea of nature
Before West has been settle
Untouched
History and stability
Mystical
Paint of oil in tubes
Made painting portable
Making landscape painting possible
Development of Railroad
Ability to move around to different place
Albert Bierstadt
Mountain Brook
American Landscape
based on discussion
Picturesque:
a pleasurable aesthetic mood
that a natural landscape
inspires, achieved through the
harmonization of opposite
elements; parts are unified
into the whole
Inspired by Romanticism, it is
also an emotional vista.
Albert Bierstadt
Among the Sierra Nevada Mountains, CA
American Landscape
?????
Manifest Destiny: Belief that it was
America’s destiny, ordained by God,
to spread across the continent.
Without mythic cultural traditions,
America saw their vast and pristine
wilderness as central to their identity.
Believed that the principles of
freedom and the pursuit of
prosperity and happiness were to be
fulfilled by territorial expansion.
Gold discovered in CA in 1848.
Gustave Courbet
The Stone Breakers
Realism
Poor
Raised poor die poor
Patches
Threadbear clothes
Setting- rural, landscape
Working
No aesthetic landscape
Pot- carrying what they cook
Pose - painful bending
Twisted foot
Knee on hay
Diagonal
Framework
Making gravel
Government political policy that people no longer in proverty
Living middle class
Yellow ocher white lead earth brown
Romantique - different - not lush
Dry paint and applied thickly , roughness
Never ending cycle of proverty
Art style colors
Rougness like rembrant
Millet
The Gleaners
Realism
Scene from country side of the lowest jobs
Someone can get scraps of grain after harvest
Back breaking work
Difficulty of —–?
Narrative
Tension between touch - like MA
Back ground
Huge stacks of harvest
Unfairness - on this land
Vs not wealthy peoplpe
Why cnat they provide for these peoplpe
Male workers
Empathetic feelin
Not sharing wealth
Not just uses earthly colors
Blue and red used
Pleasing to the eye
Compared to courbet
Beauty in portrayal
Not as harsher mustard color
Landscape; horizon line vast and color
Contrast of sky and gree field
3 of the them isolated in the foreground
And mimick in landscape
Christian value morality aspects
Not morality
Not impline of virtue???
Virtuist portray
Bougeureau
Birth of Venus
Academic Art
Academic Nude
Addresses the spectator, sometimes
through the nude female’s gaze but
also through male figures in the
painting (here cupids).
Female: coy, candid, dreamy
offering of self
Body arranged at a distance, near
but far; it is also generalized,
abstract and feminine.
Hair: long and flowing as a symbol
of luxuriance
Curvaceous
Ideal nudity and beauty function like
clothing
Manet
Street Singer
Realism
Subject: a cabaret singer leaving a bar in the early morning
Model: Victorine Meurent, his favorite model
Women an available model for his pleasure
Everyday women/social – upper class
Looseness in brushwork
Unfinished edges of painting
Use of colorization
Thick contour lines
Was brushwork thin
Smooth blending of colors
Fumato effect not perfectiono of geometry
Manet
Luncheon on the Grass
Realism
Manet showed this painting in the first Salon des Refusés, a
salon of paintings rejected by the academic salon.
Breaking Rules:
Composition based on Raphael’s
Judgment of Paris, while the nude in
a landscape with dressed men is
derived from Giorgione’s Pastoral
Concert; however, the figures are
modern and French, not classical
Female nude causal conversation with men in public
Different clothing
Time difference
Compared to the renaissance one
Modernized one
Not as mythical fantasized
Arcahir scene
Females servinig men
Juxtapositions:
Contemporary dress poses of river gods
Saucy artist’s models nymphs or dryads
Undressed model idealized nude
Nude bather clothed men
Contemporary picnic Renaissance poses
Freshly observed nature stage-set landscape
Contemporary life history painting
Present past
Poses of rivergod
Nymph and dryads
Idealized nude
Clothed men
Renaissance poses
Stage-set landscape
History
Past
Not illusiono of reality
Not detail texture
Manet
Olympia
Realism
Model - tiitians venus of urbino
Not to enhance the art of work
But too——
Maid another subject matter
Social issues
Black cat
Body not idealized
Angles
Sharper angles not smooth curves
Shorter not porportional
Shorter
Head up and hair up
Concious thinking
Name of famous prostitute - olympia
Not portrayal of venus
Modern day prostitute
Vertical line off
Pose of hand stopping not inviting
Not suttle light
Shadown suggest shadows
Flatness
Hangs in the salon next to jesus being nnoced???
Strong comments on paintinig
Salon filled with academic nude
Critiquewith strong language
Transvessing
Claude Monet
Women in the Garden
Impressionism
8ft tall canvas 1867 summer
Submit to salon but rejected
Loose brushwork
Vibrant colors
No nude figures - concious rejection
Paint outside
Painted plein aire (outside) to caputre fleeting effects of light and atmosphere
Monet dug a trench to lowerr the canvas
Fashion’s role on ephermermeral and modern art
Painted between 12 to 3 pm
Waiting for the sun
Didn’t finish in studio – dramatic change in art
White - enjoys painting – reflects that shadows are not just black or brown
Dappled sunlight
Visual imppresion of flowerrs in the distant
Flat surface
Not perspectival like other painting
Concious of complementary colors
Balance in harmony
Enhance the colors
Beauty and nature
Same model - wife
Different poses
Warmth and coolness of shadows
Claude Monet
Impression: Sunrise
Impressionism
Impressionist name comes from this painting
Exhibited at first impressionist exhibition
None of the artists submiting work to the official salon
Critic louis leroy seized the title of this painting of dubbed it
- he was used to crisp and clean
Harmony and balance
Humans and stories
No clear boats
Water impression
Ephermeral
Not blended
Complementary colors
Yellow and orange
No humans - clear and defined – silhouette
Shifting phenomenon
Speed and spontaneity
No transition
Degas
The Dance Class
Impressionism
Add color in costume
Introduced color
Mid-day light
Awareness of atmosphere
Motion
Feet walking downstairs
Looks spontaneous
Chronological progression
Cuts off staircase and dancers
Dancers
Legs must sensual part of dancers - 2nd arms
Composed of individual studies
Awkward poses - complex motions
Lighting of muscles diseno
Degas
Little Dancer
Impressionism
Wax figure
Has a tutu papermace cureset
Silk ribbon
Copies made of bronze caste
Age 14
Series of drawing of her 17?
Model nude and in costume
Placed in exhibit with criminal trial case drawings of his
Said she was a rat, whore because they connected to the criminal case drawings
degrading
Edgar Degas
Absinthe
Impressionism
Café habituée: a woman drinking absinthe in the morning. Degas
capturing a realistic picture of the melancholic life in the streets of Paris.
Morning after the night life
Effects of light
Café habitus
Spends time in nightlife
Café drink at night coffee in the morning
Hardly any wine for 3-4 years
Grapes destroyed by weather
Wormwood- plant abinesha
Green fairy
Associated with female body - naked
Looseness
Can mess some people up like van gogh
*******
Van Gogh
Starry, Starry Night
Post Impressionism
Post Impressionism: painters working in the 1880s and 1890s
who passed through an Impressionist phase but became
dissatisfied with the limitations of the style and pursued
directions to take it forward.
For Van Gogh: Expressing Emotions in Brilliant Color
Painting style: multi-directional dashes of impasto that create a
palpable surface texture
Created while Van Gogh was in the Asylum at St. Remy; Death to reach
stars- contemplation on life and death; impasto: thick application of paint
in expressive strokes; color as emotion
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Matisse
The Joy of Life
Fauvism
Embraced nature of Impressionism
and expressive color from Post-
Impressionsim
Brilliant, intense and arbitrary color
Pure color used to establish optical
experiences and to build new
pictorial values
References to past art: Titian,
Michelangelo, and Ingres as well as
African Art
Sensuous subject= a new mythic
paradise
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Kandinsky
Improvisation 28
Abstraction
The eye is more strongly attracted by the brighter colors, and still more by
the brighter and warmer: vermilion attracts and pleases the eye as does
flame, which men always regard covetously. Bright lemon yellow hurts the
eye after a short time, as a high note on the trumpet hurts the ear. The eye
becomes disturbed, cannot bear it any longer, and seeks depth and repose
in blue or green.”
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Picasso
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
Cubism
depicts women in red light district; Picasso was didn’t trust women - known for
objectifying women; uses distortion and masks to cover human characteristics of
women; wanted to make the viewer feel uneasy through the representation of women
in a lower social class - prostitutes; their masks could also symbolize the act women
had to put on to do tasks in prostitution; critics believed the painting resembled
primitive cultures - or African cultures - Picasso denied no such thing; Picasso takes
away all aspects of space bringing the subjects to the forward and out - also seen
through negative space materialized;
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Georges Braque
Houses at L’Estaque
Cubism
**********
Picasso
Girl with a Mandolin
Cubism
Picasso was one of the first to begin Cubism; painting works to recreate the female
nude in geometric shapes - works consciously w shadows; uses spherical shapes
to accentuate female parts; one of the first paintings to include print - also introduces
a new period of art where text begin appearing in art
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Picasso
Still Life with Chair Caning
Cubism
Collage - with mixed media; word jou inside artwork means play in French; work
looks as if there is newspaper on it - French newspaper: journale; Picasso
included a chair underneath the “table”; can so a lemon wedge and glass of water -
makes table look used; breaks the objects apart in their portrayal
Marcel Duchamp
Fountain
Dada
“I threw the bottle rack and
urinal in their faces as a
challenge and now they
admire them for their aesthetic
beauty. “
- Duchamp
Urinal upside down
From the RJ mot? Urinal company
Making fun of them
Take other urinals and put it upside down and send it to other galleries
It’s like throwing it in there face and they’re gullible enough to think it’s art
Salvador Dalí
The Persistence of Memory
Surrealism
Relates to the unconscious, psychological and poetry?
Dreams and reality
Melting clocks
Time melting, stopping
Eyelash, elastic plastic horse, skin melting
Eye brows?
Symbolic aspects of the anatomy
Grotesque?
Opposite of Dada (no emotion) changes reations
Pocket watch with ants on it
Clock has a fly
Objects for food but not for metal
He thought of it after seeing melting cheese during dinner
Location and size makes it dreamlike
Somewhat realistic
Emptiness
Piece of lumber
Dead tree
Minute objets
Less than a foot in size- canvas
Paranoia, fantastical, childhood?
Salvador Dali
The Sacrament of the Last Supper
Surrealism
Surreal and mystical
Instiution of the ucrious
Transfactuation
Someone will betray hikm
Doesn’t show faces of apostles
Anyone can be the apostles
Modern outfits and hairstyles
Mystical symbol of trinity
Arms out : god or jesus
Isolate bread and wine
Boats coming out of jesus
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Max Beckmann
Night
New Realism
“Art of War” period; Beckmann escapes Germany to the US and is persecuted bc of
his art and heritage; painting depicts a scene of torture - looking back at the horrors
of war - destroying soldiers, families; actually foreshadows what happens to his own
family; use of distortion conveys violence; twist and exaggeration in man’s arm that
is hanging illustrates pain - hint of pink resembles Jesus’ on the cross - stigmata;
greens and yellows are used to illustrate the villains
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Otto Dix
Der Krieg (The War)
New Realism
New Realism - also kind of a surrealist image; resembles a triptych that belongs on
an altarpiece - entombment of the body is seen on the bottom, side panels show
soldiers and Otto Dix himself as a savior, read from right to left; painting appropriates
the older format to recognize the destruction of death in war; central panel shows
a soldier in a gas mask - taking away the human face, there are no signs of life, but
signs of death
Hiter’s Degenerate Art Exhibition of 1937 in Munich
Rooms for blasphemous art, Jewish art, art that criticized German soldiers,
art that offended German women, and “the insanity room”
********
Picasso
Guernica
Cubism
Created after the bombing of
Guernica on April 26, 1937 by the
Nazis on the order of the rebel
General Franco.
The first instance of a civilian
population subjected to devastation
of military air power- 7,000 killed
11 ft tall and 25.6 ft wide
For the Spanish pavilion at Paris
International Exposition
Expressionistic Cubism: scene of
terror and devastation
Effective Aspects:
- Women and Children- the
innocent suffer
- Fragmentation of cubism
with expressionism and
surrealism- Violence of WAR
- Black and white- newsprint
- Grief and pain- nightmare,
daggers as tongues
- Horror and devastation
Jackson Pollock
Lavender Mist
Abstract Expressionism
Pollock challenges the traditional aspects of paint - works on the ground instead of
an easel - seen from Native American painting, uses unprimed, unstretched, and
unframed canvas; uses industrial paint instead of art paint; use of black gives
painting more of a pattern, white to accentuate;
- drip painting
title based on the color used
on the ground- based on sand art
not on canvasm stretched
use industrial paint - like home dept
buckets and industrial colors cream white and black
layered process
some paint is thinner
broader strokers
washed color- thinner
black - more detailed and pattern then use white
Roy Lichtenstein
Hopeless
Pop Art
Lichtenstein impersonates style seen in comic book art; hand draws his paintings ;
includes thought bubbles to directly convey emotion; thick black outlines delineate
his forms; there is often a narrative of war and love; artifice - art that is taken from art
- dots like in the comics
replicate process of printing - like a machine
bubble and thought process
picks a climatic scene
replicate - gestures, pose, expression
flat primary
narrtive: war and love
artifice: art from art
subjects: ads and comics
copying readymade art
warhol tried to copy it but not as successful
Warhol
Campbell’s Soup Can: Tomato
Pop Art
represent artist as a machine
food by machine
personal connection
everyday items
like in grocery stores - lined up
doesn’t hang paintings
conveyer belt
like duchamp
interest of the work only if you know the story behind it
Warhol
Marilyn Monroe Diptych
Pop Art
2 weeks after her death
women are objectified
machine culture
published and reprinted
quality of repetition
face visual put back into our mind by machines
repritive some variation
public property/ public mask
erasing her identity via machine
no shading
bright colors/blk and wht
Robert Smithson
Spiral Jetty
Environmental Art
site specific
atmospheric effects
sun, time
salt field
materials from the area
sand mote
1500 ft long
can’t but structure
can pay to conserve
challenging art out of market/ gallery into nature
sculptural
earlier, people looked for oil in the area and destroyed landscape
spread awareness of man’s affect on the environment dialectic of nature
destructive/generation
cyclical of nature
body in the sprial shape
dialectic: duet, 2 contrasting aspects
repetitive shape in nature: shell, life cycle?
depending on time of day and weather, changes in color because of algae and saltwater
Christo and Jeanne-Claude
Valley Curtain
Environmental Art
400 meter long cloth stretched across a valley in rifle ???? game in the Rocky Mt?!?!?!
use fabric to wrap something
1st started by wrapping a motocycle
photos capture the object
raise money via drawing/projects
400k
different patrons
14,000 sq m of cloth
thick textiles
steel cables
iron bars fixed in concrete
1st attempt torn immediately
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Leonardo da Vinci
Last Supper
High Renaissance
