final panic study

Question 1

What part of the lung is most vulnerable to airborne pathogens?

Answer 1

Bronchoalveolar junction

Question 2

What origin is the hallmark of bronchopneumonia?

Answer 2

Bronchoalveolar junction

Question 3

Upper airway Ig

Answer 3

IgA

Question 4

Lower airway Ig

Answer 4

IgG

Question 5

Sneezing, nasal discharge, epistaxis, stridor

Answer 5

Upper airway disease

Question 6

Coughing

Answer 6

Lower airway disease

Question 7

Interstitial pneumonia patterns

Answer 7

Hematogenous (embolic)
Diffuse
Septicemia/viremia
distemper, anaphylaxis
expansion of alveolar cells by exudate
lungs fail to collapse, rubbery to meaty texture

Question 8

Bronchopneumonia patterns

Answer 8

Aerogenous
Cranioventral
bovine shipping fever

Question 9

ciliary basement membrane damage =

Answer 9

scarring

Question 10

most sever form of lung disease

Answer 10

fibrin

Question 11

alveolar damage

Answer 11

type I cells replaced by hyperplastic type II cells

Question 12

lower airway defense cells

Answer 12

alveolar macrophages

Question 13

upper airway defense cells

Answer 13

goblet cells, cilia

Question 14

snuffles

Answer 14

pasteurella

Question 15

infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

Answer 15

alphaherpesvirus
fibrinonecrotic laryngotracheitis + bronchopneumonia

Question 16

malignant catarrhal fever

Answer 16

ovine herpesvirus 2

Question 17

atrophic rhinitis

Answer 17

bordetella bronchiseptica, pasteurella multicoda

Question 18

brachycephalic airway syndrome

Answer 18

stenotic nares
elongated soft palate
everted laryngeal saccules
hypopastictrachea

Question 19

fusobacterium necrophorum

Answer 19

laryngeal necrobacillosis “calf diptheria”

Question 20

laryngeal hemiplegia

Answer 20

denervation of L. recurrent laryngeal n

Question 21

guttural puch mycosis

Answer 21

aspergillus
fibrinonecrotic
epistaxis

Question 22

canine infectious tracheobronchitis

Answer 22

kennel cough
bordetella +/- adeno, distempter, parainfluenza

Question 23

multifocal pattern

Answer 23

embolic or aerogenous
granulomatous pnumonia
primary lung tumor with metastasis

Question 24

dorsocaudal pattern

Answer 24

verminous pneumonia (parasitic)

Question 25

suppurative bronchopneumonia

Answer 25

obstructive (exudates)
bilateral, cranioventral
ends with healing or fibrosis/abscesation

Question 26

fibrinous bronchopneumonia

Answer 26

lobar pattern
“pleuropneumonia” = marbled lung
complete resolution uncommon

Question 27

embolic pneumonia

Answer 27

random multifocal
hematogenous

Question 28

granulomatous pneumonia

Answer 28

firm nodules
random distribution
aerogenous or hematogenous
dDx = neoplasia

Question 29

atelectasis

Answer 29

collapse/incomplete expansion of alveoli

Question 30

restrictive/compressive dz

Answer 30

pressure on lungs (prolonged = fibrosis)
pleural effusion, pneumothorax, masses
air, fluid, viscera

Question 31

obstructive dz

Answer 31

alveoli distal to airway obstructive collapse as gas is gradually absorbed
exudative pneumonia, pulmonary edema, bronchitis, equine recurrent airway obstruction

Question 32

pulmonary hypertension

Answer 32

heart disease = left heart failure, left to right shunts
lung dz = hypoxia, pulmonary fibrosis
thromboembolism
hypervolemia

Question 33

blood flow through the heart

Answer 33

Question 34

right heart blood goes where

Answer 34

lungs

Question 35

left heart blood goes where

Answer 35

body

Question 36

frank starling

Answer 36

ventricular dilation increases sarcomere length, which enhances contractility

Question 37

systole

Answer 37

contraction and empyting

Question 38

diastole

Answer 38

relaxation and filling

Question 39

insufficiency

Answer 39

failure to close completely

Question 40

stenosis

Answer 40

narrowing
failure to open

Question 41

endocarditis

Answer 41

inflammation
leads to stenosis
tan, rough
bacteremia

Question 42

endocardiosis

Answer 42

degeneration
leads to insufficiency (regurg)
smooth, shiny

Question 43

increased afterload

Answer 43

increased pressure
concentric hypertrophy

Question 44

increased preload

Answer 44

increased volume
eccentric hypertrophy

Question 45

backward failure

Answer 45

increased venous pressure
edema

Question 46

forward failure

Answer 46

decreased co
ras activation
water retention
edema

Question 47

right heart failure

Answer 47

av insufficiency, pulmonic stenosis, pulmonary hypertension
generalized edema - submandibular, ascites, hydrothorax

Question 48

left heart failure

Answer 48

left av or aortic valve insufficiency
pulmonary edema

Question 49

cor pulmonale

Answer 49

right heart failure secondary to pulmonary disease
COPD, heartworm, pulmonary thromboembolism

Question 50

left congestive heart failure

Answer 50

cough, dyspnea, hemosideran macrophages

Question 51

right congestive heart failure

Answer 51

liver congestion, enlargement
peripheral edema

Question 52

mainecoone

Answer 52

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
l sided

Question 53

dilated cardiomyopathy breed

Answer 53

dobermans

Question 54

l to r shunts

Answer 54

not cyanotic
pda, asd, vsd, avsd

Question 55

r to l shunts

Answer 55

cyanotic
large pda, vsd
tetrology of fallot
transposition of great vessels

Question 56

av and semilunar valve insufficiency leads to

Answer 56

preload
eccentric hypertrophy

Question 57

pda with cyanosis shunt direction

Answer 57

pulmonary artery to aorta

Question 58

aortic valve stenosis leads to

Answer 58

hypertrophy of l ventricle
pressure overload=afterload