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Organic > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Lithium dialkyl curates are also called as

A

Gilman reagent

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2
Q

When the product obtained of 50-50 mixture of the enantiomers then we call the mixture as

A

Racemic mixture

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3
Q

The relative nucleophilicites of species do not necessarily parallel the relative basicities of the same species because

A

nucleophilicity is a matter of kinetics; basicity is a thermodynamic matter

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4
Q

If an acyclic alkane hydrocarbon contains n carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms must it also contain

A

2n + 2

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5
Q

Which rule states that the bridged bicyclic compound cannot have double bond in the bridgehead position unless one of the rings contain at least eight carbons?

A

Bredt’s rule

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6
Q

The compound containing at least one carbon metal bond is called as

A

Organometalic compound

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7
Q

The hybridization state of the charged carbon in a carbocation is

A

sp2

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8
Q

What is the name of the reactions when water molecule is lost from alcohol to form alkenes?

A

Dehydration

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9
Q

The systematic rule for naming any organic molecule is given by

A

IUPAC - International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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10
Q

Ratio for the molecular ion or any fragments that contain chlorine

A

3:1

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11
Q

Name the reactions that are anti markovnikov

A

Hydroboration-oxidation

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12
Q

The isomerization of less stable enroll structure to more stable ketone structure is known as

A

tautomerism

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13
Q

IR- nitriles (C triple bond N) are found around?

A

2200

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14
Q

Name the ways to separate enantiomers

A

chemical resolution, kinetic resolution, column chromatography

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15
Q

Name the reactions that are anti addition

A

Oxymercuration-demercuration, halohydrin, addition of X2

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16
Q

The ratio that we would expect to find peaks separated by two mass unites for Bromine

A

1:1

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17
Q

Alkenes ionize and undergo fragmentation to yield resonance-stabilized

A

allylic carbocations

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18
Q

C-C bonds next to the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or ketone break to form a

A

resonate stabilized asylum ion (positive charged ion)

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19
Q

IR- C triple C–H appears around?

A

3200-3300

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20
Q

What rule states that in E2 reaction the more substituted olefin will be preferentially formed

A

Zetsiev Rule

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21
Q

The fragmentation isotope ratio for Sulfur is

A

95:1

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22
Q

IR- Alcohol appears around

A

3500-3700 sharp or 3200-3600 broad (H-bonded)

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23
Q

Organomagnesium compound is also called as

A

Grignard

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24
Q

What makes a compound show optical activity?

A

not symmetrical

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25
Q

IR- O=C=O shows up around?

A

2350

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26
Q

What two atomic orbitals or hybrid atomic orbitals overlap to form the C-C pi bond in ethylene?

A

C p + C p

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27
Q

Chiral versus stereogenic

A

all chiral are stereogenic, but not all stereogenic are chiral

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28
Q

IR- alkenes (C=C) appear around?

A

1600-1670

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29
Q

IR- aldehydes show up around

A

1725 and to distinguish look for a peak around 2700-2800

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30
Q

A region of space in an atom where the probability of finding electron is maximum is called

A

Orbital

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31
Q

The most resistant compound to the action of hot alkaline KMnO4 is

A

Pentane because KMnO4 breaks double bonds and there are no double bonds in pentane

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32
Q

IR- C=N shows up around

A

1600-1700

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33
Q

The transition state of the endergonic reaction should resemble the products because it lies close in the free energy diagram is described by

A

Hammond-Leffler Postulate

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34
Q

SN1 does not do alcohols only halides

A

True

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35
Q

IR- amides show up around

A

1650 and 3300-3500

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36
Q

The organocopper compound formed by reacting alkyl lithium compound with CuI is called as

A

Gilman

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37
Q

IR- C-C-H show up around

A

2900-3000

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38
Q

What type of intermediate is present in the SN2 reaction of cyanide with bromoethane

A

SN2 does not have intermediates

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39
Q

The p orbital of the charged carbon in the isopropyl cation, (CH3)2CH+ contains how many electrons

A

zero

40
Q

IR- C-O appears around

A

1020-1275

41
Q

The electrons in the outermost orbit of an atom are called

A

Valence electrons

42
Q

IR- C triple C appears around

A

2100

43
Q

Carbocations are frequent intermediates in acidic reactions of alkenes, alcohols, ets. What do carbocations usually do?

A

Rearrange to a more stable carbocation, lose a proton to form an alkene, combine with a nucleophile, and react with an alkene to form a larger carbocation

44
Q

Nucleophilic substitution reactions will not occur when

A

the leaving group is attached to a carbon that is double bonded

45
Q

IR- Carboxylic acids appear around

A

2800-3600 very broad

46
Q

If a cyclic alkane hydrocarbon contains n carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms must it also contain

A

2n

47
Q

Grignard reagent acts as a

A

carbanion or nucleophile

48
Q

IR C=C-H shows up around

A

3000-3200

49
Q

What is the correct definition of oxidation

A

oxidation is loss

50
Q

IR- amines show up around

A

3300-3500 primary has 2 peaks and secondary has 1 peak

51
Q

Lewis base definition

A

donates electrons

52
Q

In an E2 mechanism the C-H and C-X bonds that break must be anti

A

True

53
Q

IR- esters show up around

A

1725-1750

54
Q

What is the weakest of intermolecular attractive forces

A

dispersion forces

55
Q

List the intermolecular attractive forces in order from stronger to weakest

A

ion-dipole, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole, dispersion forces

56
Q

What type of orbital do the lone pair electrons on oxygen occupy in ethanol?

A

sp3

57
Q

IR- C-N shows up around?

A

1000-1350

58
Q

The compound like water which can react both as an acid or as a base is called

A

amphoteric

59
Q

The slowest step in the multi-step reaction that cross highest energy barrier is called

A

rate determining step

60
Q

The formation of geminal dihalide from the terminal alkyne upon treatment with excess hydrophilic acid can be described by the rule

A

Markovnivov’s Rule

61
Q

Which rule states that if the orbitals are degenerate the electrons are singly filled in each of the orbitals first?

A

Hunds Rule

62
Q

The positively charged species that is formed by the heterolytic cleavage of the C-X bond of alkyl halide is called

A

carbocation

63
Q

What is the intermediate in the reaction of alkene with diazomethane?

A

carbene

64
Q

The repulsion between neighboring bonded electron clouds that are in an eclipsed relationship is called

A

torsional strain

65
Q

What are the names of the two reactions sequence that produces alcohol from alkene without undergoing skeletal rearrangement?

A

Oxymurcuration-demurcuation

66
Q

Electron delocalization (via orbital overlap) from a filled bonding orbital to an adjacent unfilled orbital?

A

hyperconjugation

67
Q

Electrostatic attrition of molecules due to the temporary dipoles created y the accumulation of electrons in one side of the molecule is called

A

London dispersion forces

68
Q

Bond angle of sp3

A

109 degrees

69
Q

What synthetic goal is achieved by subjecting an alkene to an oxymercuration demercuration sequence?

A

Markovnikov addition of H2O wherein skeletal rearrangement is prevented

70
Q

When the preferential formation of one constitutional isomer takes place in the reaction. we say the reaction is

A

Ragioselective

71
Q

Which of the following alkene reactions is not stereospecific reaction?

a) bromination
b) oxidation with cold KMnO4
c) hydrogenation
d) Markovnikov addition of acidic H2O

A

Markovnikov addition of acidic H2O

72
Q

What is the name of the reagent which if present in small quantity provides the alternative pathway involving lower free energy of activation in a reaction?

A

catalyst

73
Q

What rule states that in the addition of Her to an alkene, the hydrogen atom adds to the carbon atom of the double bond that already has the greater number of hydrogen atoms?

A

Markovnikovs Rule

74
Q

The higher energy species formed in any reaction which undergoes further changes during course of reaction to give final product is called

A

Intermediate

75
Q

Constitutional isomers do not have the same….

A

order of attachment of atoms or physical properties

76
Q

When a ketone is treated with organolithium compound, what general class of product results?

A

tertiary alcohol

77
Q

Stereoisomers that are not the mirror image of each other are called

A

diasteriomers

78
Q

If two halogens are present in two adjacent carbons then they are called

A

vicinal dihalides

79
Q

A true statement about the transition state of an SN2 reaction is

The single transition state represents the point of maximum free energy of the reaction

A

True

80
Q

When the stereochemistry of the starting material effects/dictates the stereochemistry of the product we say the reaction is

A

stereospecific

81
Q

Orbitals fill in order of increasing energy , from lowest to highest. Orbitals fill in the order 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p…

A

Aufbau principle

82
Q

Describe the classification of chemical bonds- hydrogen, ionic, and covalent

A

hydrogen- N, O, F bonded to hydrogen
>1.9 for ionic bonds
0.5-1.9 for polar covalent bonds
<0.5 for covalent bonds

83
Q

Bond angle for sp

A

180 degrees

84
Q

Which of the following do not have a zero dipole moment?

a) pentane
b) cyclohexane
c) diethyl ether
d) cyclopentane
e) none of these

A

diethyl ether

85
Q

Bronsted base definition

A

Grabs proton

86
Q

The compound containing carbon bonded with metals like mercury, lithium etc. is called as

A

Organolithium

87
Q

toluene

A

non polar

88
Q

tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, DMF

A

polar aprotic

89
Q

Ethanol, acetic acid

A

polar protic

90
Q

The combination of two atomic orbitals of two different atoms will form

A

molecular orbitals

91
Q

Enantiomers have the same

A

boiling point, melting point, density, chemical reactivity toward chiral reagents

they do NOT have the same specific rotation

92
Q

The reaction sequence that adds water to the double bonded carbons in anti markovnikoves way

A

hydroboration

93
Q

The temporary three dimensional arrangement of atoms that result from a rotation about single bond is called

A

conformers

94
Q

Only two electrons can occupy and orbital and their spins must be paired

A

The Pauli exclusion principle

95
Q

What class of organic product results when 1-heptyne is hydrated with mercury sulfate in presence of sulfuric acid

A

ketone

Organic (1 decks)

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