final study Flashcards
Monogenisis:
origin of all life from one common ansystrial background
Racialism?
A theory that race determines human traits and capacities
polygenisis
multiple assisters responcible for life on earth
miscegenation:
sexual relationship marriage with someone of a different race
scientific racism:
use of scientific technique to support belife in racism
what factors are the hardining of racial ideas in europe
thomas carlyles argument that black people should be re enslaved
disapointment that freed blacks did not become like europeans imediatly
sscientific racism allowed people to express racism in modern terms
darwins ideas where adopted to justify unfitness and eventual extinction of some human races
lower classes seen as inferior races
jamacins did not deserve the same rights as whites after rebelion britain
why where hospitals built in first half of century
for poor people to use when sick
florence nightengale
hospital reformer, improving care
what is a social catholic
a catholic who wants social justice, humanitarianism and to better the social conditions in order to recruit the poor people
arthur gobineau
French, early writer about scientific racism, decried miscegenation
fancis galton
british, used darwinism priciples to develope the idea of eugenics
mary carpenter
british, prison reformer
count sergei witte
russian, advised the tsar to make consessions in 1905
pyotr stolypin
russian, quelled russian anarchy with reforms and repression, assassinated
henrik ibsen
norwegian playwrite
lenin
russian, split social democrats and wanted revolution immediatly
wilhelm the second
german, monarch who alienanted all of his neighbors
nicholas 11
russian, represive monarch who wanted to expand south
leaders of austria in order?
francis 1 with meternich
ferdinand 1 with meternich
fancis joseph 1
what was the biggest source of aid for urban poor in desperate need
other poor people
what were the main purposes of primary level education in the last third of the 18th century
teach childern national language and suppress local dialects
to teach children to be obedient members of society, and sacrifice own interests for the greater good
to provide basic literary skills for demands of industrial revolution
how did secondary education change in last third of 19th cent?
more practical education than classical, began to teach math foreign language and business education
what characterizes the university education of late 19th cent?
less than 1 % went to universitys
students where 80-90% male in most countries and in germany woman could not attend universities
for the first time universitys accepted people without classical education
what is social insurance?
people pool resources and risks in society, give out to thoes who need it but it was abused and
what leader was originator of social insurance?
bizmark
why did bismark introduce social insurance?
to undercut atraction of socialism, and protect the workingman from fincanial disasters out of their own control
who payed for most of social insurance
workers and employers
what was included in social insurance?
sickness benefits
workmans comp for acidents
old age and disability pensions
how did scapegoating increasingly appear in anxious turno of the century europe?
dreyfus affair
russian exodus of jews and jewish antisemetism in germany
how the poor were seen as the problem
what was the result of the dreyfus afair?
brought about new commitment to rule of law
hightened antisemitism in france
french army forged documents and lied
initial results showed that armys reputation was more important than any other consideration
why does michel foucault include all government in his definition of police?
because all government and modern state is a form of intervention and wealding power over men, the police is just a more direct show of force over men.
what are two types of police used in 19th cent europe?
secret police and regular military police
what was the contagious disease act?
a law protecting military men from contracting std’s
why was the contagious disease act opposed?
it insulted virtuous women
there was no effective treatment for the diseases involved
it treated the behavior of woman, not men, as the problem
why did cumulsary education cause suffering?
people relied on the wages that there childern could make at work
why did treatment of poor go from compation to inspection?
inspectors where payed to make sure living conditions sutable
poor seen as lazy and prone to drink needed to be forced to be better
mary carpenter came to new york to talk about what?
to improve things she advocated for?
prison reform
- severe treatment at first and humane treatment after
- early release to incentivize reform
- aid societys to help people reintegrate into society
the fundamental break with tradition in the arts and sciences in the late 19th century and early 20th century is called modernism, what three areas where such breaks occurred?
artisticly, more emotion and play of light over realism
writing, more poetry and fiction works
science, protons neutraons, freuds work about subconsious and irationality,
What ideology was modernism most threatening to ?
liberalism because it is all about rational thinking and modernism was telling us people are irrational
give two reasons people where criticizing liberalism at the end of the century?
freuds ideas on the subconscious and irrationality
everyone was becoming educated but problems where not going away
nietzches attack on universal morality and liberalisms ideas that morality was universal
who was the enemy of the people in the play ?
dr thomas stockman, public heath official
In what way did AN ENEMY OF THE PEOPLE question some priciples of liberalism
questions peoples rationality, makes it clear that rationality in not the same for everyone everywhere
