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Astronomy > Final Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

The atmosphere of Mars is composed of mostly carbon dioxide and some nitrogen.

A

True

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2
Q

Does Saturn float?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Neptune was discovered on purpose.

A

True.

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4
Q

Light behaves as both a particle and a wave.

A

True.

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5
Q

The heliocentric model holds the sun at the center of the solar system.

A

True

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6
Q

Craters on the Moon and Mercury are due to volcanic activity.

A

False

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7
Q

The Moon was probably created by the earth being hit with a Mars-size object.

A

True

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8
Q

Newton’s laws explain Kepler’s laws

A

True

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9
Q

The green house effect was intensified on Venus with the presence of water vapor.

A

True

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10
Q

An electron can have any charge in an atom

A

False

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11
Q

What did newton contribute to science?

A

The theory of gravity

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12
Q

What did Tycho Brahe contribute to astronomy?

A

He made detailed observations of the positions of the planets

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13
Q

What is spectroscopy?

A

An analysis of how atoms emit and absorb light.

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14
Q

A hydrogen atom consists of?

A

An electron orbiting a proton

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15
Q

What determines wether a body will retain a certain atmosphere?

A

Escape Velocity

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16
Q

Mercury looks like what?

A

the Moon

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17
Q

How do the atmospheres of the Moon and Mercury compare?

A

They don’t have them

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18
Q

How are earth and Venus alike?

A

The have the same size, density, and surface gravity

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19
Q

What are the clouds of Venus made of?

A

Sulfuric acid droplets

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20
Q

Why is mars red?

A

The surface undergoes a process by which rust forms

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21
Q

Astronomer who observed “canals” that sparked the debate of life was?

A

Percival Lowell

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22
Q

What are the bands of Jupiter called?

A

Belts

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23
Q

Which craft dropped a weather probe into Jupiter?

A

Galileo

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24
Q

Which craft went to Saturn?

A

Cassini

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25
Q

Which craft visited Uranus and Neptune?

A

Voyager 2

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26
Q

What is the solar neutrino problem.

A

Astronomers observed fewer neutrinos coming from the sun

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27
Q

What barrier prevents two protons from combining?

A

Electromagnetic repulsion

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28
Q

What pushes radiation from the sun’s core to its surface?

A

Convection

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29
Q

What is not a property of neutrinos?

A

They never interact with matter

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30
Q

What does the number of neutrinos coming from the sun worry astronomers?

A

Because the number doesn’t match any of the current theories

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31
Q

What is the strongest fundamental force?

A

The force that binds atomic nuclei

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32
Q

At what temperature does the proton-proton cycle in core of stars start?

A

10 million K

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33
Q

Solar neutrinos originate in the solar corona.

A

True

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34
Q

A large number of neutrinos have been detected here on earth.

A

True

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35
Q

Neutrinos take eight minutes to travel from the sun to the earth.

A

True

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36
Q

With out the strong force, the universe would only be made up of hydrogen.

A

True

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37
Q

Both nuclear forces are limited in range.

A

True

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38
Q

Hydrogen fusion is hard because four hydrogen atoms must collide simultaneously in order to fuse with helium.

A

False

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39
Q

What does the Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram plot against the temperature?

A

Luminosity

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40
Q

What does the spectral type of a star measure?

A

It’s temperature

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41
Q

The stars color is a quick way to determine its what?

A

Temperature

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42
Q

What is the most common type of star.

A

Main sequence stars

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43
Q

What can we determine about stars in a binary system if we know the period of common orbit and the distance between them?

A

Their mass

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44
Q

The HR diagram can be a plot of?

A

Absolute magnitude (temperature) versus color index

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45
Q

Where in the HR diagram are the bright blue white stars located?

A

Upper left quadrant

46
Q

Where on the HR diagram does our Sun lie?

A

About the middle of the main sequence

47
Q

Where on the HR diagram do white dwarfs lie?

A

In the lower left quadrant

48
Q

Where on the HR diagram do red giants lie.

A

In the upper right quadrant

49
Q

What type of stars have the mass of the sun and the radius like the earth’s?

A

White dwarfs

50
Q

What is proper motion?

A

It is the annual apparent motion of a star

51
Q

What makes the subject of star formation so difficult to understand?

A

Stars live too long to be observed from birth to death

52
Q

What is the source of luminosity of a protostar.

A

The release of gravitational energy as the star shrinks

53
Q

At what temperature does helium fuse with hydrogen in the stars core.

A

10 million K

54
Q

What happens when an interstellar cloud shrinks?

A

It’s temperature rises, it’s pressure rises, and it’s density rises

55
Q

Most stars probably formed in?

A

Clusters

56
Q

What marks the birth of a star?

A

The fusion of hydrogen and helium

57
Q

A star spends most of its life on the main sequence.

A

True

58
Q

Do massive stars that firm quickly last long?

A

No

59
Q

What does the helium flash convert helium into?

A

Carbon

60
Q

How many helium atoms must fuse in the helium flash?

A

Three

61
Q

What resists the force of gravity in the core of red giants?

A

Electrons which have become incompressible

62
Q

What is a planetary nebula?

A

Gentle mass-loss event that allows a star to readjust its structure into a white dwarf.

63
Q

What is a truth about stellar evolution?

A

Sooner or later, gravity wins

64
Q

What are black dwarfs?

A

Cooled off white dwarfs

65
Q

What are ejected envelopes of highly evolved low-mass stars called?

A

Planetary nebulae

66
Q

What forces a star like the Sun to evolve away from the main sequence?

A

It builds up a core of helium

67
Q

What happens in the core of a star at 100 million K?

A

The stars starts turning helium into carbon

68
Q

What is a Nova?

A

It’s a white dwarf surface explosion caused by falling matter from the atmosphere of the companion star.

69
Q

What elements are not formed inside of stars?

A

Hydrogen and helium

70
Q

What element forming in the core of a star will trigger a type 2 supernova?

A

Iron

71
Q

How long does it take an iron core to supernova?

A

One second

72
Q

How many times can a star supernova?

A

Once

73
Q

Novae occur in a binary star system

A

True

74
Q

Who discovered the pulsar?

A

Jocelyn bell

75
Q

What happens when mass is added to a 1.4 solar mass white dwarf?

A

A type 1 supernova

76
Q

The densities of neuron stars and atomic nuclei are similar.

A

True

77
Q

What is the most common molecule in a molecular cloud?

A

H2(hydrogen)

78
Q

Neutral hydrogen is most obvious on the E-M spectrum at?

A

21 cm in radio

79
Q

What is interstellar gas mostly made of?

A

Hydrogen and helium

80
Q

Where are complex molecules in interstellar Space found?

A

Inside dense dust clouds

81
Q

What is needed to make an emission nebula (H2 regions)?

A

Hot stars and interstellar gas

82
Q

What color is a H 1 region?

A

Colorless, it emits in radio

83
Q

Why is 21 cm radiation so important?

A

Emitted by hydrogen, it can past through interstellar dust and help us map the universe

84
Q

How can interstellar dust block starlight, if it’s density is so low?

A

The particles of the dust are the same size as the wavelength of visible light

85
Q

An H 2 region is the same thing as a molecular cloud.

A

True

86
Q

Dark dust clouds radiate mainly in the radio.

A

True

87
Q

Emission nebulae glow red because the absorbe light from hot blue stars.

A

True

88
Q

Interstellar matter is distributed evenly through out the galaxy.

A

False

89
Q

Type O and B stars are associated with emission nebulae.

A

True

90
Q

What is the 21 emission of hydrogen?

A

It’s when an electron goes from the highest energy level to the next level down

91
Q

A nearby star has a parallax of 0.2 arc seconds. What is it’s distance?

A

5 pc

92
Q

What are the spectral classes of stars from hot to cold?

A

O, B,A,F,G,K,M

93
Q

What does the Hubble law imply about the history of the universe?

A

That the universe has an age.

94
Q

Why is the cosmic microwave background important.

A

It confirmed a major prediction made by the BBT

95
Q

Who was involved in discovering cosmic microwave background radiation?

A

Bell labs and Princeton

96
Q

What does the Hubble constant say the age of the universe is?

A

10 to 20 billion years old

97
Q

What is a “closed” universe?

A

A universe that will stop expanding and collapse

98
Q

What are homogeneity and isotropy, in the structure of the universe?

A

Cosmological principles

99
Q

What is the meaning of isotropic.

A

Same in all directions

100
Q

Dark energy was discovered as a result of learning that the universe is what?

A

Accelerating in its expansion

101
Q

Cosmological redshift is not a velocity.

A

True

102
Q

The cosmic microwave background is black body radiation at 3 K

A

True

103
Q

Is the cosmic microwave background a combination of all the radio emissions from all the galaxies in the universe?

A

No

104
Q

Dark energy will help retard the expansion of the cosmos and lead to its recycling.

A

False

105
Q

How hot was the universe at time zero?

A

No one knows

106
Q

What is the superforce?

A

A force connecting electromagnetism and strong and weak nuclear forces

107
Q

What would help prob the period between zero time to 10^-43?

A

A theory incorporating gravity into existing GUTs.

108
Q

What elements did the Big Bang produce?

A

Hydrogen and helium

109
Q

What temperature is the microwave background radiation?

A

2.73 K

110
Q

Decoupling refers to the interaction between matter and a it matter.

A

False

111
Q

The majority of dark matter is probably not protons and neutrons.

A

True

112
Q

In GUT, gravity was the first force to take on a separate identity.

A

True

Astronomy (1 decks)

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