Final Study Vocab

Question 1

Normalizing

Answer 1

Normalizing – A social process of learning and choosing to present one’s self and to interact with others in ways that fit with dominant social preferences of the space and time.

Question 2

Embodiment

Answer 2

Embodiment – The ways that social conditions flow through, and are observable through, one’s bodily presentation, carriage, and interaction.

Question 3

Age of science

Answer 3

Age of science – Beyond the timeline, a historical period when human beings were realizing that everyday humans could know about their social, physical, and psychic worlds. Until this time, history suggests, only gods, and religious clergy were accepted as “knowers.”

Question 4

Sicily’s Bikini mosaic

Answer 4

Sicily’s Bikini mosaic – A historic depicting social life, perhaps mythology, in a UNESCO World Heritage Site that also depicts luxurious living conditions at the Villa Romana del Casale, the center of the large estate on which the rural economy of the Roman Empire was based.

Question 5

Physical Culture

Answer 5

Physical Culture – A popular focus on health and trends in bodily aesthetics.

Question 6

Somatic Knowledge

Answer 6

Somatic Knowledge – One’s holistic, embodied interaction in the social world.

Question 7

Socially constructed bodies

Answer 7

Socially constructed bodies – Understanding of bodies not merely as physical but as culturally produced.

Question 8

Material body

Answer 8

Material body – The body in its physical, measurable functions.

Question 9

Apartheid

Answer 9

Apartheid – A rigid, now-defunct policy of segregating and oppressing non-white members of South African society. Although the policy has been dismantled, a legacy of such segregation continues to exist and exert differential life chances for South Africans.

Question 10

Stacking

Answer 10

Stacking – A pattern of placing athletes in certain player positions based on racial stereotypes.

Question 11

Criterion-based health standards

Answer 11

Criterion-based health standards – Recommended health standards and measures for various social categories such as age and sex.

Question 12

Docile citizens

Answer 12

Docile citizens – Members of society who have adopted the dominant ideas about striving and existing in the social world and thus do not seek to change the system but rather to change their individual selves.

Question 13

Culture of Risk

Answer 13

Culture of Risk – A dominant cultural acceptance of injury risk in sport involvement.

Question 14

Surgeon general

Answer 14

Surgeon general – The operational head of the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and, by virtue of this position, the leading spokesperson on matters of public health in the United States.

Question 15

Sport of the nation

Answer 15

Sport of the nation – Illuminates the ways that sports emerges in all nations as a reflection of the historical, political, and cultural conditions of a particular nation.

Question 16

Sport for the nation

Answer 16

Sport for the nation – Identifies that ways that sporting practices may be used to disseminate dominant national beliefs and ideals; sporting events offer a national and global stage for asserting those national those nationalist beliefs and agendas.

Question 17

Collective identity formation

Answer 17

Collective identity formation – The process one goes through to feel a shared sense of belonging to a group.

Question 18

Ethnic nationalism

Answer 18

Ethnic nationalism – An exclusive of membership based on natural origins of the nation and tied to cultural links such as language and racial or ethnic belonging.

Question 19

Civic nationalism

Answer 19

Civic nationalism – An inclusive form of membership in which people can decide their level of participation and belonging and of identifying as a citizen of a nation.

Question 20

Sporting nationalism

Answer 20

Sporting nationalism – Personal connections to one’s nation through sporting teams, most often national sports teams representing the nation at international sporting events such as the World Cup and the Olympics.

Question 21

Globalization

Answer 21

Globalization – The process that ideas, products, and culture undergo to results in their international integration.

Question 22

Transnational

Answer 22

Transnational – Crossing international borders to include both or many countries.

Question 23

Corporate nationalism

Answer 23

Corporate nationalism – The ways that for-profit corporate structures come to cogovern the nation.

Question 24

Occupy movement

Answer 24

Occupy movement – An international movement protesting social and economic inequality. One of its primary goals was to make economic and political relations in all societies less vertically hierarchical and more flatly evenly distributed.

Question 25

Developmentalism

Answer 25

Developmentalism – A body of political economic thought that advocates state-managed markets in the national interest and aims to reflect the needs of late industrializing nations so that they may “Catch up” with more advanced capitalist economies. This economic perspective emerged in reaction to global economic inequality and unchecked Western economic and political power.

Question 26

Brown vs Board of Education

Answer 26

Brown vs Board of Education – The 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision that outlawed segregation in public education by finding that separate public schools for black and whites were inherently unequal and therefore unconstitutional.