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Government > Final Test > Flashcards

Final Test Flashcards

1
Q

Policy Representation

A

Legislation to benefit the constiuents.

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2
Q

Allocative Representation

A

Federal money for your district/state

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3
Q

Symbolic Representation

A

Members of Congress expected to show up to ceremonies

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4
Q

Casework

A

Helping constituents with certain issues

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5
Q

House of Rep.

A

2 year terms. 435 members

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6
Q

Redistricting

A

Redrawing of house district lines every 10 years

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7
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Drawing of house district lines to benefit a particular party

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8
Q

Majority-minority districts

A

Almost always democrats.

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9
Q

Open-seat election

A

When there is no incumbent

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10
Q

Mid-term election

A

an election that doesnt occur on a presidential year

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11
Q

Expectations Gap

A

The public has developed high expectations of the president

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12
Q

War Powers Act

A

President can only commit troops to a hostile situation to up to 90 days

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13
Q

Treaty making

A

Has to been ratified by 2/3 in senate

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14
Q

Executive Agreements

A

Agreements between the president and others head of other countries that are like a treaty but isnt one. Can be changed by other presidents

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15
Q

Traditional Era

A

Era of congressional dominance. President not expected to exert independent leadership

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16
Q

Modern Era

A

Raised expectations of president. Increased use of executive agreements.

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17
Q

Going Public

A

making direct appeals to voters in order to scare Congress into passing legislation that the president wants.

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18
Q

President Public Approval Ratings

A

Greatly affects presidents power of persuasion on congress. Starts of high “honeymoon period”. Economy effects this and so does national security and military issues

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19
Q

Criminal Law

A

Prohibiting certain behaviors that is punishable by jail time

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20
Q

Civil Law

A

Cant go to jail. Paying is the punishment

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21
Q

Constitutional Law

A

Any rule or decision that is set down interpreting the meaning of the Constitution

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22
Q

Tiers of Federal Court System

A

U.S. Supreme court—>U.S. Court of Appeals–>U.S. District Courts

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23
Q

Strict Constructionism

A

Constitution should be read literally and only literally

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24
Q

Judicial Interpretivism

A

Interpretation of constitution should change over time

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25
Q

Judicial Activism

A

Judges make new decisions and overturn past precedent

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26
Q

Judicial Restraint

A

Judges follow past precedent

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27
Q

Ryan and Zach.

A

Arguing limiting war making powers. Ryan arguing for limiting war making powers. Zach arguing against limiting war making powers

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28
Q

Maggie and Abbey

A

Should the electoral college be altered or abolished. Maggie thinks it should be abolished. Abby thinks it shouldnt change

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29
Q

Jenna and Kelly

A

Should members of congress be term limited. Jenna yes and kelly no

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30
Q

Borris and Daniel

A

Should size of congress be expanded. Borris no and Daniel yes

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31
Q

Eleanor and Jessica

A

Should federal court judges serve lifetime terms. Eleanor yes and jessica no

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32
Q

Cabinet

A

A presidential advisory group selected by the president, made up of the vice president, the heads of the federal executive departments, and other high officials to who the president elects

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33
Q

Chief Administrator

A

The president’s executive role as the head of federal agencies and the person responsible for the implementation of national policy

34
Q

Chief foreign policy maker

A

The president’s executive role as the primary shaper of relations with other nations

35
Q

Chief of staff

A

The person who oversees the operations of all white house staff and controls access to the president

36
Q

Council of Economic Advisers

A

Organization within the EOP that advises the president on economic matters

37
Q

Cycle Effect

A

The predictable rise and fall of a president’s popularity at different stages of a term in office

38
Q

Executive Office of the President

A

Collection of nine organizations that help the president with policy and political objectives

39
Q

Executive orders

A

Clarifications of congressional policy issued by the president and having the full force of law

40
Q

Head of Government

A

The political role of the president as leader of a political party and chief arbiter of who gets what resources

41
Q

Head of state

A

The apolitical, unifying role of the president as symbolic representative of the whole country

42
Q

Inherent powers

A

Presidential powers implied but not explicitly stated in the constitution

43
Q

Legislative Liaison

A

Executive personnel who work with members of congress to secure their support in getting a presidents legislation passed

44
Q

National Security Council

A

Organization within the executive office of the president that provides foreign policy advice to the president

45
Q

Office of Management and Budget

A

Organization within the EOP that oversees the budgets of departments and agencies

46
Q

Presidential style

A

Image projected by the president that represents how he would like to be perceived at home and abroad

47
Q

Senatorial courtesy

A

Tradition of granting senior senators of the president’s party considerable power over federal judicial appointments in their home states

48
Q

Solicitor General

A

Justice Department officer who argues the government’s cases before the Supreme Court

49
Q

State of the Union address

A

A speech given annually by the president to a joint session of Congress and to the nation announcing the president’s agenda

50
Q

Treaties

A

Formal agreements with other countries; negotiated by the president and requiring approval by two thirds of the senate

51
Q

Amicus Curiae Briefs

A

“friend of the court” documents filed by interested parties to encourage the court to grant or deny certiorari or to urge it to decide a case in a particular way

52
Q

Civil Law Tradition

A

a legal system based on a detailed comprehensive legal code

53
Q

Concurring opinions

A

documents written by justices expressing agreement with the majority ruling but describing different or additional reasons for the ruling

54
Q

Courts

A

institutions that sit as neutral third parties to resolve conflicts according to the law

55
Q

Dissenting opinions

A

documents written by justices expressing disagreement with the majority ruling

56
Q

Inquisitorial Systems

A

trial procedures designed to determine the truth through the intervention of an active judge who seeks evidence and questions witnesses

57
Q

Opinion

A

the written decision of the court that states the judgment of the majority

58
Q

Procedural due process

A

procedural laws that protect the rights of individuals who must deal with the legal system

59
Q

Procedural laws

A

laws that establish how laws are applied and enforced

60
Q

Rule of Four

A

the unwritten requirement hat four Supreme Court justices must agree to grant a case certiorari in order for the case to be heard

61
Q

Bicameral Legislation

A

Legislature with two chambers

62
Q

Coattail effect

A

The added votes received by congressional candidates of a winning presidential party

63
Q

Conference Committees

A

Temporary committees formed to reconcile differences in House and Senate versions of a bill

64
Q

Congressional oversight

A

A committee’s investigation of the executive and of government agencies to ensure they are acting as Congress intends

65
Q

Constituency

A

The voters in a state or district

66
Q

Descriptive Representation

A

The idea that an elected body should mirror demographically the population it represents

67
Q

Franking

A

The privilege of free mail service provided to members of Congress

68
Q

House Rules Committee

A

The committee that determines how and when debate on a bill will take place

69
Q

Joint Committees

A

Combined House-Senate committees formed to coordinate activities and expedite legislation in a certain area

70
Q

Legislative agendas

A

The slate of proposals and issues that representatives think it worthwhile to consider and act on

71
Q

National Lawmaking

A

Creation of policy to address the problems and needs of nation

72
Q

Norms

A

Informal rules that govern behavior in Congress

73
Q

Policy entrepreneurship

A

Practice of legislators becoming experts and taking leadership roles in specific policy areas

74
Q

Policy Representation

A

Congressional work to advance the issues and ideological preferences of constituents

75
Q

Pork Barrel

A

Public works projects and grants for specific districts paid for b general revenues

76
Q

Representation

A

Efforts of elected officials to look out for the interests of those who elect them

77
Q

Roll Call votes

A

Publicly recorded votes on bills and amendments on the floor of the house and senate

78
Q

Select Committee

A

A committee appointed to deal with an issue or problem

79
Q

Seniority System

A

Accumulation of power and authority in conjunction with the length of time spent in office

80
Q

Speaker of the House

A

Leader of the majority party who serves as the presiding officer of the House

81
Q

Standing Committees

A

Permanent committees responsible for legislation in particular policy areas

82
Q

Strategic Politicians

A

Office seekers who base the decision to run on a rational calculation that they will be successful

Government (3 decks)

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