Final: Week 5 Study Guide Flashcards
What is the definition of learning?
A) The process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information
B) The process of acquiring new knowledge or skills through experience, study, or instruction
C) The ability to retain information over time
D) The process of forgetting information
B) The process of acquiring new knowledge or skills through experience, study, or instruction
Where in the brain is memory located?
A) Cerebellum
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Hippocampus
D) Corpus callosum
C) Hippocampus
How does memory work?
A) By storing information as chemical signals in the brain
B) By forming new synaptic connections between neurons
C) By creating physical changes in the brain
D) All of the above
D) All of the above
What are the types of long-term memory (LTM), and how are those further divided?
A) Declarative and nondeclarative; further divided into episodic and semantic
B) Procedural and episodic; further divided into declarative and nondeclarative
C) Semantic and procedural; further divided into declarative and nondeclarative
D) Explicit and implicit; further divided into semantic and episodic
D) Explicit and implicit; further divided into semantic and episodic
Where are the different aspects of long-term memory located in the brain?
A) Declarative memory is located in the neocortex; nondeclarative memory is located in the striatum
B) Declarative memory is located in the striatum; nondeclarative memory is located in the neocortex
C) Declarative memory is located in the amygdala; nondeclarative memory is located in the hippocampus
D) Declarative memory is located in the hippocampus; nondeclarative memory is located in the amygdala
A) Declarative memory is located in the neocortex; nondeclarative memory is located in the striatum
Why is patient H.M. relevant in learning and memory?
A) He had a unique form of amnesia that affected his ability to form new long-term memories
B) He had a rare condition that allowed researchers to study the effects of memory loss
C) He had a brain injury that affected his ability to remember past events
D) He had a genetic condition that affected his ability to learn new skills
A) He had a unique form of amnesia that affected his ability to form new long-term memories
What was the procedural test patient H.M. was given? Describe it and the results of H.M.’s performance.
A) He was given a test where he had to remember a list of words; his performance was normal
B) He was given a test where he had to learn a new motor skill; his performance improved over time, despite not remembering the task
C) He was given a test where he had to recall past events; his performance was impaired
D) He was given a test where he had to recognize objects; his performance was impaired
B) He was given a test where he had to learn a new motor skill; his performance improved over time, despite not remembering the task
Describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms of long-term potentiation (LTP) vs. long-term depression (LTD).
A) LTP involves the strengthening of synaptic connections, while LTD involves the weakening of synaptic connections
B) LTP involves the weakening of synaptic connections, while LTD involves the strengthening of synaptic connections
C) LTP and LTD both involve the strengthening of synaptic connections
D) LTP and LTD both involve the weakening of synaptic connections
A) LTP involves the strengthening of synaptic connections, while LTD involves the weakening of synaptic connections
How does the environment affect the morphology of neurons?
A) The environment has no effect on neuron morphology
B) The environment can cause neurons to form new connections and change their shape
C) The environment can cause neurons to die
D) The environment can cause neurons to stop forming new connections
B) The environment can cause neurons to form new connections and change their shape
What is memory consolidation?
A) The process of forgetting information
B) The process of forming new memories
C) The process of stabilizing and storing memories for long-term retention
D) The process of recalling memories
C) The process of stabilizing and storing memories for long-term retention
Plasticity refers to the brain’s ability to:
A) Form new neurons
B) Change and adapt in response to experience
C) Forget old memories
D) Stop forming new memories
B) Change and adapt in response to experience
Which type of memory is associated with remembering facts and events?
A) Declarative memory
B) Nondeclarative memory
C) Episodic memory
D) Semantic memory
A) Declarative memory
The neocortex is primarily responsible for which type of memory?
A) Procedural memory
B) Semantic memory
C) Episodic memory
D) Nondeclarative memory
B) Semantic memory
What is the role of the amygdala in memory?
A) It is responsible for encoding and storing procedural memories
B) It is responsible for encoding and storing emotional memories
C) It is responsible for encoding and storing semantic memories
D) It is responsible for encoding and storing episodic memories
B) It is responsible for encoding and storing emotional memories
Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in long-term potentiation (LTP)?
A) Dopamine
B) Serotonin
C) Glutamate
D) GABA
C) Glutamate
