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Question 1

Mary Douglas; hybrids

Answer 1

author of abonination of levitius Viewed religion as a system of logic that constitutes world view; hybrids are animals that fall between catagories
and are considered unclean

Question 2

Mary Douglas and holiness

Answer 2

looked at def and defined it as being whole or complete

Question 3

Content Analysis

Answer 3

used by mary douglas
look at a text that is generated from the culture you are studying; armchair is different because you are reading texts that are written from people outside the culture being studied

Question 4

Linguistic Relativism

Answer 4

Idea that all languages have the same functional potential; can talk or describe things in the past present and future

Question 5

Nonverbal Accommodation

Answer 5

Woolfson article
Looks at time of eye contact held; how clsoe they would stand from their patients; STUDY looked at ways that you change your body language to accomiate with the speaker of another language

Question 6

Kinesics

Answer 6

uses of gestures, indicating meaning

Question 7

Paralanguage

Answer 7

sounds that people use that arent speech but still indicate something

Question 8

Proxemics

Answer 8

fj

Question 9

Social Reproduction

Answer 9

values that are being reproduced; life cycyle ritual brings a new person or new stage; most obvious in teh reincorporation stage

Question 10

Azande Witchcraft

Answer 10

why particular things happen to people at a particular time;
From evans pritchard’s article ; example is the terminates and the greeneries that fall, but falling on certain people is attributed to witch to help explain why it happened to that person; only explain misfortune

Question 11

Phony Shamans

Answer 11

are described this way because the training requirements have become less strict and as a result many think they don t know enough to tdo their job correctly; believe motivations are misguided but they are still seen as divinely inspired; seen as less knowledgable; motivations are corrupt (just want money); still think they can talk to Gods and can still call down the spirits

Question 12

Spirit Mothers

Answer 12

are less common and have a shorten relationship with new shamans; older shamans make their relationship with spirit mothers seem better then they actually are

Question 13

Mongolian Shamans Magic

Answer 13

Adaptation, specifically to buddhism and comunnism; shamans also tend to be hereditary and not necessarily inspired by the gods or spirits**

Question 14

Superstition

Answer 14

false or unorthodox belief; seen as unscientific or irritation; these people often have tried science and it just hasnt worked for them—so much misfortune that they belief it is a spiritual problem

Question 15

Anti Superstition examples in book

Answer 15

shamans and monks-worship the deciever, and end up getting their temples and shirnes burned; 1970’s campaign shamans are accused of impeding moderinty and holding back the development of the country

Question 16

Urbanization or Modernity

Answer 16

changing on the buildings of landscape has changed spirutual landscape; movement of people from the country side to the city; rapid growth of cities; relates to shamans because shirnes have become mobile, moving from one place to another and as a result the shrines are more accessable and thus the governemnt has restricted assces to these because they have had loud behavior when it is supposed to be a peaceful experience; kuts are no longer hled in households but rather in rented space and are thus less public; kuts are moved from village to kut in soal (rented place, which makes it much more private) just the client and the shaman

Question 17

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Answer 17

language both reflects and shape our views of the world; tiv pierce (something) in the bush-anthropologist tells the story of hamlet to the tiv elders, they have no concept of the after-life and therefore cant understand ghosts, and thus the story gets altered

Question 18

Key Symobols of Rituals

Answer 18

Multivocal-will have multiple meanings
Greatly elaborated-appear in multiple contexts
restricted- laws roles or unwritten expectations about how, where and when to use symbol

Question 19

Fetish

Answer 19

object that is worshiped becasue it is believed to have magical powers

Question 20

Taboo

Answer 20

a religious custiom prohibiting talk of certain things

Question 21

Calendrical Cycle Ritual

Answer 21

seasonal rituals; give social meaning to certain passage of time

Question 22

Liminality

Answer 22

the stage in a ritual that is after the pre-ritual actions have been completed but before the ritual is complete; IS THE MIDDLE STAGE

Question 23

Nostalga

Answer 23

a longing for the past or the way things used to be; can connect with the older shamans who think the Shaman system has become weak and long for the way things used to be with Spirit mothers, training and motivations

Question 24

Communitas

Answer 24

created by Turner; is a state where everyone is equal and has been given the rite of passage; they are in liminal together

Question 25

Victor Turner

Answer 25

created the rite of passage-separation (social Death), liminal-(standing at a threshold, between stage of a ritual), reincorporation (new status is accepted)
also developed the idea of communitas which is when everyone is equal and has the same rite of passage or is in liminal together.